【正文】
采用的度量尺度由低級(jí)向高級(jí)分為名義尺度、定 序尺度、間隔尺度。據(jù)中國統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒資料顯示, 2022 年截止我國持有汽車駕駛執(zhí)照的人就高達(dá) 21740多萬 ,全國各地的駕校熱依然方興未艾,成千上萬的人在為獲得駕照而拼搏。通過對 2022~2022 年的數(shù)據(jù)對 2022~ 2020 年的轎車需求量進(jìn)行預(yù)測,并為有關(guān)行業(yè)和企業(yè)促進(jìn)轎車市場的發(fā)展提供參考。 關(guān)鍵詞:時(shí)間數(shù)列預(yù)測; GM 預(yù)測軟件;擬合優(yōu)度;三次曲線模 型 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) 2022 屆本科畢業(yè)論文 2 China39。有本無車的群體不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大,造成了一個(gè)潛在的轎車市場的需求大群體。 名義尺度又稱定類尺度,對于測量要求沒有大小之分和誰好誰壞,僅是一種標(biāo)志; 對應(yīng)的變量類型可以是數(shù)值型,也可以是字符型;定序尺度是對事物之間等級(jí)或順序差別的一種測度,對應(yīng)的變量類型可以是數(shù)值型,也可以是字符型; 間隔尺度是指變量在連續(xù)區(qū)間的 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) 2022 屆本科畢業(yè)論文 4 取值,這種尺度又分為定距尺度和定比尺度, 對應(yīng)的變量類型只能是數(shù)值型 。為了認(rèn)識(shí)和掌握這些規(guī)律,我們必須對時(shí)間數(shù)列進(jìn)行深入分析,以便鑒往知來,預(yù)測事物發(fā)展的前景,為各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制定政策與計(jì)劃、實(shí)行科學(xué)管理提供有效的咨詢服務(wù)。再通過往年的數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)用 GM 預(yù)測軟件(即灰色系統(tǒng)預(yù)測軟件),輸出結(jié)果,根據(jù)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果的好壞得出未來幾年我國轎車市場的需求量,并綜合預(yù)測比較。 ( 6) 進(jìn)口轎車數(shù)量。 c. 因變量 : 轎車需求量(萬輛) 給定顯著性水平為 ?? 的條件下,由表 知 F =,查附錄五有)7,3(FF ?? ,顯著性概率 P =,所以 GDP、 城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入 、年底儲(chǔ) 蓄余額 與 轎車需求量 存在多元線性關(guān)系。 隨著時(shí)間的推移,回歸及時(shí)間序列模型的參數(shù)每年都會(huì)發(fā)生變化,通過 圖 1 知,轎車市場需求曲線 由 線性向非線性轉(zhuǎn)換的可能性較大,因此我們有必要利用多種預(yù)測方法建模來篩選合適的模型 。如果這些影響轎車需求的因素能夠得到解決,對增加轎車需求量起到非常重要的作用。在此,我對段彥玲老師表示誠摯的感謝以及真心的祝福。t help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didn39。s cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytimesoapstyle narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the fulllength version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. What39。m nothing if not that! In his text he expounds on the idea that one must give their life a purpose. And that is the true topic of this entry. These last four years have been so easy: teach for a grand total of six hours a week, and the rest of my time is mine. Since I39。 he wondered how in the world he came to belong there. Indeed his penning and publishing this essay caused his exmunication from high society and also caused him a lot of legal trouble. The legal trouble came as a result of the fact that he was speaking out against the government. I like to reference such texts from time to time as an example both of the fact that history does repeat itself and that this world is not so big that what applies to one society does not in any way touch another society. On a much smaller scale,Emerson39。s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39。s Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2022. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horsedrawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2022. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as AlmaAta, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to plete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2022. Then they will e back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54yearold was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 39。同時(shí)也顯示了老師高度的敬業(yè)精神和責(zé)任感。對于 SPSS 軟件預(yù)測時(shí)剛好彌補(bǔ) 了灰色預(yù)測軟件的缺點(diǎn),它可以根據(jù)不同模型的變化趨勢,根據(jù)擬合優(yōu)度,選擇最好的模型進(jìn)行預(yù)測。 預(yù)測結(jié)果如下: [1] dx/dt+ax=u: a=, u= [2] 殘 差: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) [3] 相對殘差: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) [4] 原數(shù)據(jù)均值: [5] 原數(shù)據(jù)方差: [6] 殘差的均值: [7] 殘差的方差: [8] 后驗(yàn)差比值: [9] 小概率誤差: [10] 模型計(jì)算值: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) [11] 預(yù)測的結(jié)果: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) 由 4 2 3 3 4 5 2 ,0 ?? CP ,查附錄 四 知不滿足,所以不能用灰色預(yù)測軟件來預(yù)測未來我國轎車市場需求量。 相關(guān)性 檢驗(yàn) 由表 知 GDP、 城鎮(zhèn) 居民人均可支配收入 、 年底儲(chǔ)蓄余額 分別與 轎車需求量 的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為 , , ;均大于 ,所以 GDP、 城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入 、年底儲(chǔ)蓄余額 分別與 轎車需求量 高度 都有著 相關(guān) 的關(guān)系 。 ( 5) 道路交通等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資,針對我國目前轎車工業(yè)的發(fā)展階段,修路、建設(shè)更完善的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施無疑是我們今后發(fā)展的方向。因此,灰色理論主張用單因素模型 GM( 1,1) 作預(yù)測,并把基于 GM( 1, 1)模型的預(yù)測稱為灰色預(yù)測。當(dāng) P=1 時(shí),稱( 1)式為一元線性回歸模型;當(dāng) 2?p 時(shí),稱( 1)式為多元線性回歸模型 。 統(tǒng)計(jì)理論 無論是觀測數(shù)據(jù)還是實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),都需要度量。 Goodness of fit. Three curve model 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) 2022 屆本科畢業(yè)論文 3 引言 隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展 ,國產(chǎn)轎車消費(fèi)已經(jīng)成為國家啟動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)拉動(dòng)內(nèi)需的一個(gè)重要手段。選用多種模型進(jìn)行分析,根據(jù)多種模型的擬合優(yōu)度進(jìn)行比較,選用最好的擬合優(yōu)度,得出相應(yīng)的三次曲線模型。s Car Market Demand Forecast Analysis Institute Of Mathematical Sciences Statistics Statistics professional ABSTRACT In this paper, the study of China39。 近年來,轎車工業(yè)發(fā)生了巨大變化,轎車銷售量逐年上升,民用汽車擁有量從 2022年的 萬輛增長到 2022 年的 萬輛,汽車駕駛員人數(shù)從 2022 年的 萬人增長到 2022 年的 萬人(見附錄一);轎車市場銷售量從 2022 年的 204 萬輛增長到 2022 年的 萬輛,占汽車銷售量的比例從 2022 年的 %上升到 2022年的 %(見附錄二);根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)可知轎車在汽車工業(yè)的地位大大提高了,轎車消費(fèi)已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)之一。 ( 1)基本概念 在相關(guān)分析中,它是反映變量之間相關(guān)關(guān)系密切程度的統(tǒng)計(jì)量; Pearson(皮爾遜 )相關(guān)系數(shù)是用于衡量間隔尺度變量間的線性關(guān)系,其計(jì)算公式如下: ? ?? ?? ? ? ?1221niiiniiix x y yrx x y y????????? 其中 n 為樣本數(shù), ii yx, 代表兩個(gè)變量的樣本觀測值,它有如下特點(diǎn): 相關(guān)系數(shù) r 的取值在 1~1? 之間,當(dāng) 1||0 ??r 時(shí),表明 x 和 y 之間存在一定的線性相關(guān)關(guān)系;若 0?r ,表明 x 和 y 正相關(guān);若 0?r ,表明 x 和 y 負(fù)相關(guān);若 0?r , 表明沒有線性相關(guān)關(guān)系;當(dāng) 1r? ,表明 x 和 y 完全線性相關(guān)。 這種方法