【正文】 However the developed countries can transfer their cost to the end users. 5) If the developing countries stand more quotas in one line or some product in international trade, the change of export will influence the international price of the product, such line or enterprises may take the integration of Occupational Safety amp。B. We must point out that if the accident, occupation disease will worsen native safety, and it can directly threaten the quality of export goods. Export petition will be influenced in small countries if the small countries do not prevent or control safety accident, occupation disease. C. Influence of Increasing the Safety Investment in Big Countries to the Total Costing in Export Goods “Big countries” in international trade mean the countries that stand more quotas in international trade, they can influence the given price in international trade. If the big countries takes active steps of preventing accidents, occupation disease, the total cost will be up, which make the international market inadequate supply, then the price will be fluctuated, so the big countries can make up for upward cost by increasing the price of product, and reduce export petitions of preventing accidents, occupation disease. As for the conditions of the big countries, we can note and analyze by following Fig. 2. Fig. 2. Big countries in export and international market price. In Fig. 2, axis X and axis Y indicate the same variable to Fig. 1. D is the import demand curve that foreign countries will meet the export goods of big countries. As big countries have abundant quantity, the export quantity will influence the international market price of these export goods, therefore, D is a curve of rightbottom. Sx is an export supply curve that big countries do not take steps to prevent accidents, occupation disease, the international market price is Pl, the export quantity is Q1， produce surplus that big countries can gain from the export goods is PlElA. If the big countries take active steps to prevent accidents, occupation disease, the total cost including productive cost, the cost of accidents, and preventive cost of occupation disease will be up, too. But the big countries stand the important position in international trade, the reduction of export quantity will lead to the upward price of the given product. In Fig. 2 ， the international market price in big countries is from P1 to P2. that is to say, the unit price of big countries export goods increase P3P2, but the accident loss that big countries undertake, preventions for occupation disease or cost of control is P3P1, the rest (P1 P2) are transferred to the import endusers. Therefore, preventing accidents, occupation disease make the export supply curve move (from Sx to S39。 Health Conference held in Brazil in 1999, one principal of ILO pointed out: ILO will pursue enterprise safety amp。 6） 從以上的分析，我們可以看到，發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)該開放他們自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治利益，強(qiáng)烈地反對(duì)不切實(shí)際的勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提高，因此，他們應(yīng)該反對(duì)將勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)放入多國(guó)世貿(mào)組織的活動(dòng)中。所以它對(duì)出口產(chǎn)品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)有很少或沒有影響。我們將加強(qiáng)職業(yè)安全和健康的壓力，在安全生產(chǎn)和監(jiān)管加強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)和機(jī)制之間的關(guān)系；把安全生產(chǎn)達(dá)到法律制度的系統(tǒng)要求。由于國(guó)內(nèi)公眾的需要，我們將制定內(nèi)部和外部企業(yè) 的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。雖然收入總額是 P2E2Q2O 中，條件是它們采取積極步驟防止事故，職業(yè)疾病。在圖 2，在大的國(guó)家的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格是從 P1 到 P2。如果大國(guó)家采取積極的步驟，防止事故、 職業(yè)疾病的總成本會(huì)上升，這使國(guó)際市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)不足，然后價(jià)格會(huì)波動(dòng) ，這樣大的國(guó)家就可以彌補(bǔ)了向上的成本，增加的價(jià)格產(chǎn)品，并減少出口比賽的預(yù)防事故、 職業(yè)疾病。 如果小國(guó)家采取積極的步驟增加的安全投資，然后總成本包括生產(chǎn)成本意外和占領(lǐng)的預(yù)防成本的成本疾病會(huì)了。如果小國(guó)家 (發(fā)展中國(guó)家 )采取積極措施提高安全的投資，然后總成本包括生產(chǎn)成本、 意外事故，成本和職業(yè)疾病的預(yù)防成本，總成本將不是小的國(guó)家不能控制國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格，他們是僅接收器，他們可以不彌補(bǔ)損失的價(jià)格上升，向上的總成本將會(huì)影響本機(jī)產(chǎn)品出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)?？陀^地說，有一些國(guó)家不敢在安全保護(hù)上采取行動(dòng)，他們擔(dān)心嚴(yán) 格的安全保護(hù)將會(huì)影響其產(chǎn)品的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。自 1999 年第三季度，國(guó)際勞工組織開始頒布國(guó)際化職業(yè)安全和健康文件，在 20xx 年之前它出版職業(yè)健康安全體系的規(guī)范和它的目錄。他們對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家采取按壓并限制的措施。安全成本和國(guó)際貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的關(guān)系的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析 一、導(dǎo)言 “ 冷戰(zhàn) 后政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件已經(jīng)發(fā)生變化 , 和平與發(fā)展是在世界的主要主題。 他們認(rèn)為這是不能接受的 不公平 ，是由在發(fā)展中國(guó)家為了提高勞動(dòng)力缺乏的狀況而減少造成的生產(chǎn)成本造成的。健康評(píng)價(jià)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的管理體系，通過大量的參考資料評(píng)估 的條件企業(yè)安全和健康質(zhì)量。 對(duì)于出口企業(yè)，安全費(fèi)用保護(hù)將會(huì)影響他們的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格，以及出口價(jià)格，這將會(huì)影響它們的相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。 國(guó)際貿(mào)易是說 小國(guó)家 站在小配額在國(guó)際 貿(mào)易中的國(guó)家他們不能影響國(guó)際在給定的價(jià)格貿(mào)易。生產(chǎn)小的盈國(guó)家是三角形 P0EA。 國(guó)際貿(mào)易是說 大國(guó)家 站在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的更多配額的國(guó)家他們可以影響在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中給定的價(jià)格。但是大國(guó)家站在國(guó)際中的重要地位貿(mào)易、 出口數(shù)量的減少將導(dǎo)致給定產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格上升。 在圖 2 中，給定的入息總額出口產(chǎn)品中大國(guó)家在他們不這樣做的條件是 P1E1Q1O采取積極措施，防止事故，職業(yè)疾病和是缺乏安全亂倫 。 三 .對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的啟示國(guó)家 在綠色安全壁壘方面，我們應(yīng)反對(duì)一些國(guó)家保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)落后產(chǎn)業(yè)的雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，同時(shí)防止以安全保護(hù)為借口干涉其他國(guó)家的內(nèi)部政治。 此外，我們應(yīng)該宣傳企業(yè)安全文化、 我們的安全管理決策者、 管理人員和工作人員應(yīng)意識(shí)到職業(yè)安全和健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一體化的挑戰(zhàn)，在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中勞動(dòng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，增加責(zé)任和保持安全生產(chǎn)的必要性重要性，以便進(jìn)入國(guó)際貿(mào)易的周期。它對(duì)其就業(yè)沒有影響力，有時(shí)它是 有利的。 5） 如果發(fā)展中國(guó)家在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中的一條線或一些產(chǎn)品上擁有更多配額，出口的改變將會(huì)影響國(guó)際產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格，這種線或企業(yè)可采取職業(yè)安全和健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一體化和一步一步的達(dá)到國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 health standard integration. On the 15th World Occupational Safety amp。) and the export quantity is drop (from Q1 to Q2). In the meantime, produce surplus of small countries drops to triangle P0E39。 turn the safety produce into the way of legal system. IV. CONCLUSION 1) The import demand curve that small countries faced is a level. If the small countries takes active steps of increasing safety invest, then the total cost including productive cost, the cost of accidents, and preventive cost of occupation disease, the upward total cost will force the producers in small countries to undertake the total loss. While the import demand cure that big countries faced is a level of rightbottom. If the big countries take steps to prevent or manage the accidents, occupation disease which will lead the cost upward, the loss will be shared by the endusers in import countries. 2) As for the small countries in international trade, if they increase the safety invest, the total cost will be up, gene