【正文】 助于中小企業(yè)獲得融資。本文分析了基于主要由世界銀行的調(diào)查提供的數(shù)據(jù)和統(tǒng)計(jì) ,在羅馬尼亞通過(guò)一定的實(shí)證研究中小民營(yíng)企業(yè)。通過(guò)這個(gè) 觀點(diǎn)，作者表明在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家企業(yè)試圖獲得融資渠道以減少他們遇到的困難。此外，作者表明，中小企業(yè)的融資水平還取決于法律結(jié)構(gòu)和總體商業(yè)環(huán)境。與此同時(shí)，當(dāng)一些企業(yè)需要資金的情況時(shí)，金融和銀行機(jī)構(gòu)因?yàn)樗婕暗牟懦杀咎叨荒芡馊谫Y。 4． 中小企業(yè)銀行融資困難和支持措施 在大多數(shù)國(guó)家，尤其是在以銀行導(dǎo)向型金融體系的國(guó)家，中小企業(yè)外部融資的主要來(lái)源是由銀行貸款。因此，這是中小企業(yè)面臨的主要問(wèn)題。 事實(shí)證明中小企業(yè)在國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展中具有關(guān)鍵性的作用，在大多數(shù)國(guó)家支持中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展已成為政府的主要目標(biāo)之一。因此，當(dāng)局采取一系列的措施以支持中小企業(yè)獲得融資，確保國(guó)家金融高效發(fā)展，這將確保企業(yè)融資更大的可用性。 外文文獻(xiàn)出處 ： ① 作者 信息 ： Roman Angela “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi Faculty of Economics and Business Administration（ 羅馬 inplete information and even lack of information from the part of both capital providers and enterprises, which prevents the development of normal and efficient relations between them。231。為了減輕這些困難，公共當(dāng)局所采取 的措施應(yīng)著重于提高金融發(fā)展，從而確保企業(yè)融資和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)更大的有效性。例如，在歐盟 范圍，通過(guò)執(zhí)行小型企業(yè)管理局為歐洲設(shè)立的新措施來(lái)改善中小企業(yè)融資渠道，通過(guò)降低結(jié)構(gòu)基金回報(bào)的要求促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)的準(zhǔn)入，建立“信用監(jiān)察員”以促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)和信貸機(jī)構(gòu)之間的對(duì)話，避免稅收立法的雙重征稅，這將妨礙國(guó)際風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，起著重要的作用。在各個(gè)國(guó)家的有障礙的企業(yè)家之間進(jìn)行一系列的調(diào)查，認(rèn)為：可能缺乏獲取金融資金方面的知識(shí)，缺乏關(guān)于咨詢(xún)機(jī)構(gòu)的意識(shí)，對(duì)不符合要求的貸款人或投資者制定業(yè)務(wù)計(jì)劃，在資本供應(yīng)商充分保證減少談判技巧。企業(yè)的這種行為更加證明融資是企業(yè)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要因素。此外，一系列的全球調(diào)查，包括世界商業(yè)環(huán)境調(diào)查所提供的資料表明，中小企業(yè)的融資交易成本是阻礙企業(yè)發(fā)展的最主要的因素。另一方面，它可以區(qū)分非自愿拒絕企業(yè)，雖然這些企業(yè)需求但無(wú)法獲得財(cái)務(wù)或金融服務(wù)。 艾瑞迪克、梅勒科和薩爾塔（ 2020）分析，通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和制度因素影響中小企業(yè)融資貸款。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)看，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)年輕的公司規(guī)模小以及面臨更大的障礙時(shí)，他們尋求金融資源。最后是研究的結(jié)論。在中小企業(yè)所面臨的困境，獲得融資渠道往往是作為一個(gè)主要障礙部署和擴(kuò)大他們的活動(dòng)。因此 ,另一個(gè)問(wèn)題處理 ,綜合分析在本文的公共機(jī)構(gòu)所采取的一系列措施 ,以支持中小企業(yè)獲得融資。根據(jù)所采用的方法，指出了中小企業(yè)融資難問(wèn)題和增強(qiáng)公共機(jī)構(gòu)的關(guān)注的重要性，尤其是為提高金融發(fā)展采取的措施。此外 ,該研究報(bào)告的結(jié)論認(rèn)為制度的發(fā)展是最重要的特征 ,解釋了不同國(guó)家之間企業(yè)在面臨融資障礙方面的差異。 3．在中小企業(yè)融資過(guò)程中的問(wèn)題 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，獲 得金融產(chǎn)品或金融服務(wù)或金融包容性假定沒(méi)有貿(mào)易壁壘的方式利用金融產(chǎn)品或服務(wù) ,不管是否這些障礙或是不相關(guān)的定價(jià)（迪蒙瑞格 克魯特、貝克和霍諾根 2020： 2）。最后，在企業(yè)的范疇內(nèi)拒絕出現(xiàn)價(jià)格過(guò)高的金融產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)和不能滿足他們要求的金融產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。因此，獲得這種類(lèi)型的貸款對(duì)中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。 2020 年 10 月 29 日，這項(xiàng)在羅馬尼亞進(jìn)行的中小企業(yè)調(diào)查凸顯了中小企業(yè)與銀行之間所面臨的主要問(wèn) 題。 為了改善中小企業(yè)的融資環(huán)境 ,不同國(guó)家的公共機(jī)構(gòu)根據(jù)每 個(gè)國(guó)家的特殊性采取了一系列的措施 ,旨在 (國(guó)際金融公司 2020:26)改善法律及監(jiān)管結(jié)構(gòu) ,發(fā)展中小企業(yè)融資工具和直接干預(yù)市場(chǎng)促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)融資（例如，發(fā)放貸款，通過(guò)特定的國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)為企業(yè)家貸款提供擔(dān)保 ,提供財(cái)政撥款等。具體地說(shuō)，當(dāng)局應(yīng)該針對(duì)通常用來(lái)衡量金融發(fā)展程度的七大支柱采取措施，即制度環(huán)境，商業(yè)環(huán)境， 金融穩(wěn)定，銀行金融服務(wù)，非銀行金融服務(wù)，金融市場(chǎng)和金融準(zhǔn)入（世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇 2020： 5）。安吉拉 “ 亞歷山伊萬(wàn) lack of a credit history and insufficient guarantees for creditors, especially in the case of the small and young firms。 the third part highlights the major difficulties in SMEs financing, and the fourth part of the paper reflects, mainly, the difficulties reported by the entrepreneurs in dealing with banks and the measures that need to be taken in order to improve the access to financing for these enterprises. The study ends with conclusions. The research methodology used in this paper starts with a literature review in order to highlight the importance of the subject addressed in our research. The analysis conducted in this paper is based on data and statistics provided mainly by the World Bank surveys, by certain empirical studies and by the National Council of Small and Medium Sized Private Enterprises in Romania. Based on the methodology used, the paper indicates the difficulties in SMEs financing and the crucial importance of enhancing the public authorities concerns regarding their alleviation, especially by adopting measures focused on increasing financial development. The limited availability and even lack of statistical data regarding the SMEs financing situation from various countries, including Romania, impose certain limits to the researches in the field, which can be overe as policy makers realize the vital importance of developing and monitoring specific indicators regarding the financing of this type of enterprises. 2. Literature review regarding the access to finance for SMEs The access to finance for SMEs represents a topic of great interest for the academic literature, as witnessed by the large number of studies addressing such a problem. Numerous studies based on various surveys highlight that access to finance is one of the most important obstacles in the way of enterprises’ growth and development, especially in the case of small and medium enterprises. The study realised by Beck, DemirgucKunt, Laeven and Maksimovic (2020) reflects, based on a survey that has included firms from 80 countries, the fundamental factors to which depends the enterprises’ access to finance. Thus, the study highlights the relationship between the access to finance for enterprises and their characteristics, such as age, size and propriety structure. From this perspective, the authors find that young firms of small size as well as national ones face greater obstacles when they seek to obtain financial resources. The study also highlights the relationship between the degree of economic and financial development of a country (expressed through the degree of financial intermediation, the level of capital market development, the efficiency of the legal framework, the G