【正文】 DP per capita) and the access to finance for enterprises. From this point of view, the authors demonstrate that in the financial developed countries it can be accounted a decrease of the difficulties that the firms face when they try to obtain financing resources. Furthermore, the study concludes that the institutional development is the most important feature that explains the differences between countries in terms of financing obstacles faced by enterprises. Beck, Demirg252。 中小企業(yè)試圖獲得必要的資金資源時面臨困難，關系到企業(yè)家和每個國家的經(jīng)濟環(huán)境，以及現(xiàn)有法律和制度結構。 改善中小企業(yè)融資問題仍然值得關注，也是國家、歐洲和國際當前面臨的一個挑戰(zhàn)。 總而言之，阻礙中小企業(yè)融資與企業(yè)家、經(jīng)濟環(huán)境以及體制、管理結構相關（尼 克斯可2020： 171）。在這方面，一些研究（班納吉和迪弗洛： 2020）已經(jīng)表明，主要原因與供給有關，因為每次當中小企業(yè)能夠獲得貸款，他們就用它來增加生產(chǎn)。例如，世界銀行在 2020年至 2020 年的調查發(fā)現(xiàn)，在世界范圍內 31%的研究報告 ,企業(yè)融資的一個主要障礙是目前實施的方式 ,甚至更高的比例在 40%的案件的年輕公司長達三年的經(jīng)驗（查韋 斯、克拉波爾和愛爾 2020： 1）。因此，一方面企業(yè)獲得融資，一般的金融產(chǎn)品和服務，但不要使用他們，因為他們沒有可行的投資項 目。作者還指出 ,即使沒有發(fā)展良好的機構， 創(chuàng)新融資工具可以幫助促進中小企業(yè)的融資。因此，研究突出企業(yè)融資和其特點之間的關系，如年齡、規(guī)模和產(chǎn)權結構。 本文結構如下：第一部分包含導論的重要性和相關性的探討主題；第二部分致力于總結迄今為止在這一主題進行了主要研究的一個文獻綜述；第三部分強調中小企業(yè)融資的 主要困難原因 ,第四部分論述體現(xiàn) ,主要的一些困難是企業(yè)家在處理銀行和為這些企業(yè)改善融資需要采取的措施。然而，這些企業(yè)面臨著許多障礙，限制他們的表現(xiàn)、增長和發(fā)展。 關鍵詞： 中小企業(yè)，融資渠道，融資約束，銀行融資，支持措施 1． 介紹 在所有國家，中小企業(yè)是經(jīng)濟增長和創(chuàng)造工作機會的一個重要來源。 2． 關于中小企業(yè)的融資渠道的文獻 關于中小企業(yè)的融資渠道的一個熱門的學術文獻 ,見證了大量解決這樣的問題的研究。 貝克、迪蒙瑞格 克魯特和馬卡斯莫維奇（ 2020）在調查基礎上，實現(xiàn)對來自 54個國家的中小企業(yè)所面臨的融資和法律約束和腐敗問題與大企業(yè)進行更大程度對比，從而影響企業(yè)成長的因素是成反比的公司規(guī)模。因此，在提高這種接入手段意味著增加的程度，金融產(chǎn)品或金融服務以一個公平的價格提供給每個人。 融資渠道是企業(yè)發(fā)展和有效配置資金必不可少的。然而，調查顯示，中小企業(yè)與大企業(yè)相比使用的是很小程度的銀行融資中的新投 資。因此， 82%的受采訪企業(yè)家認為獲得銀行融資是非常困難的，主要是因為過度官僚主義、不合理的高要求、高利率、剛性的銀行信用指標以及眾多類型的傭金和費 用。 )。 5．結論 有效的融資對中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)造新的業(yè)務具有重要的意義，并成長和發(fā)展企業(yè)已有的，同時促進國家的經(jīng)濟和社會的發(fā)展。 斯科特 ” 雅西大學經(jīng)濟與工商管理系 ） ② 名稱： Oradea university:Economic science, in 2020 a spool of Issue 1（奧拉迪亞大學：經(jīng)濟 科學， 2020年第一卷第一期） ③ 頁碼： 22，； 431437 SMES39。 limited and, sometimes, inadequate range of financing products. Numerous surveys carried out, particularly, by the World Bank highlight that the access to finance is often mentioned by the SMEs as one of the most important barriers to their well functioning and growth. For example, the surveys conducted by the World Bank, in 20202020, found that, worldwide, 31% of the studied firms report that the access to finance is a major obstacle in the way of carrying out current operations, the percentage being even much higher, at 40% in the case of young firms with up to three years experience (Chavis, Klapper and Love Nonusers of financial products/services Voluntary selfexclusion No need Enterprises (SME) Insufficient ine/ high risk Contractual/ informational framework Price/product features Users of financial products/services Involuntary exclusion 2020: 1). Also, a series of lobal surveys, including the information provided by the World Business Environment Survey, show that small and medium size enterprises report the cost of financing as the most important obstacle to their growth. The difficulties in SMEs financing are more severe in the case of developing countries, this assessment resulting from tapproximately 50% of the micro and small sized enterprises report the difficulties in financing as a major obstacle. As results also from upon, regardless of the group of countries where SMEs are located, about onethird of these firms report that the access to finance is a major current operations (International Finance Corporation 2020: 12). 4. Difficulties in SME’s banking finance access and support measures In most countries, especially in the ones with bank source of external financing is represented by the bank loan. Thus, the access to this type of loans is vital for the development of these enterprises. However, surveys show that small firms when pared with large firms are using in a much smaller degree bank investments. As we have mentioned within the paper, the usage of financial products is determined by supply and demand. Therefore, it is important financing. In this regard, some studies (Banerjee reason would be related to the supply, because every time when the SMEs had access to subsidized credit, they used it to increase the production. Such a conduct of firms strengthens the assertion that the lake of access to finance is a major obstacle to context of the current global economic crisis, the limited access of SMEs to financing has been increased as a result of reduced availability of bank loans. Thus, this type of enterprises faces major difficulties. The survey conducted by the National Council of Small and Medium Sized Private Enterprises in Romania (CNIPMMR), in the period 7 29 October 2020, highl ights the main difficulties faced by the SMEs in their relation with t