【正文】 . 我們進(jìn)一步對生產(chǎn)食用油產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)影響的研究是為了評估污水情況 ,檢查技術(shù)食用油的生產(chǎn)工藝。 未精煉的油從原料分離后，是過濾或沉淀下來，以便種皮 ,胚、果肉等可以去掉。 這些受食用油生產(chǎn)企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)物污染的地表水成為重大的 生態(tài)危機(jī) 。這些來自提純和精煉的車間的污水 含有大量的有機(jī)污染物 (中性脂肪、磷脂、有機(jī)酸等 )，以 懸浮液和乳濁液 的形式溶解。 2 Ammonia mg/dm179。 編號 污水 指標(biāo) 品質(zhì) 計量單位 實際值 正常值 1 鐵 (總體 ) mg/dm179。 15 9 PH值 mg/dm179。1 攝氏度，滿滿地放入完全隔絕空氣、光照的用瓶塞塞住的瓶子；用碘量滴定的體積表示恒溫培養(yǎng)期前后的濃度；水樣的濁度用分光光度法（濁度滴定法）。 在 通過 F1溶劑 后，將 感光片移開、風(fēng)干。 4 phosphatidyl inositol。 4 卵磷脂 。將 （體積 =）中 ，通入大量碳酸，觀察泡沫形成的厚層和硫酸鹽沉淀 (生產(chǎn)過程中使用的 )。因此 ,該方法的基礎(chǔ)上 ,對污水的凈化 就 是初步 用碳酸鈣 分離和 沉淀， 隨后 用次氯酸鈉凈化及其中和的過程。 Experiments were conducted using samples of wastewater, the aim of which was its purification from organic substances with the usage of active chlorine which was injected as part of sodium hypochlorite. To the initial wastewater (V = 100 ml) possessing PH value of , sodium hypochlorite had been being added until the colouring changed from darkbrown to stramineous, necessary quantity V (NaClO) = ml with concentration С (NaClO) = 10 % (vol.). Also, it is observed that flakes are formed as a result of the process taking place on the surface of the mix. These flakes subsequently deposit to the bottom. When sodium hypochlorite is added to the water which was preneutralised using calcium carbonate, the pH reaches the necessary neutral value. 實 驗研究了 污水 樣品，目的是用含有一部分次氯酸鈉的次氯酸把有機(jī)物中提純。將收集到的沉淀溶解到 2毫升酒精 中 ，涂抹（數(shù)量 =50mcl）在感光片右下角；然后風(fēng)干、插入到色譜儀內(nèi)。 澄清的水接著進(jìn)行下一個階段的凈 化。如果我們分析 得 到的 實驗 數(shù)據(jù) ， 我們可以看到污染物大多集中在中和、凈化所產(chǎn)生的沉淀物中。 then airdries and inserted into the chromatographic chamber. 中和后 到達(dá) 所 需要的中性值 的 水 ， 按上述 澄清， 繼續(xù)下一步 ： 分離形成的沉積物質(zhì) ，特別是沉淀或仍殘留在上層 水中的磷脂。 — it can be used after enhancement of existing purification facilities。實際水質(zhì)指標(biāo)就是凈化效果 。 this also has its advantages with regard to rational usage of clean water for technological purposes. As a result of the process described above, we have reached a pH value of , having injected g of calcium carbonate into 50 ml of wastewater. 在主要水處理 階段，使用 化學(xué)試劑的方法 ，食用油工業(yè) 污水 使用廉 價、方便的碳酸鈣 (白堊 )作為材料。 2 磷脂酰乙醇胺 。 2 phosphatidylethanolamine。 clockwise pared to its initial placing, and again inserted into the chromatographic chamber filled with a system of solvents for Direction 2. After passing of F2 Solvent Front, the plate was removed and airdried. Then it was developed in an exsiccator saturated with iodine steam for about 15 minutes. The phospholipids manifested themselves on the chromatogram in the form of yellow stains. 經(jīng)過初步硫酸鹽中和和沉淀，污水（數(shù)量 =50mcl） 涂抹在感光片右下角。 concentration of dissolved oxygen before and after the incubation period was determined by the method of voluminal iodometric titration。 7 脂肪 mg/dm179。 8 Biological demand5 (BOD5) oxygen mg/dm179。 污水 的污染程度 取決于以下指標(biāo)(表 1)。因此， 不符合烏克蘭 ―關(guān)于保護(hù)環(huán)境 ‖和 ―保護(hù)地表水 污水 污染條例 ‖法律要求 的 污染 污水 排入開放的水體。 這些設(shè)施即使在最好的情況下 也只能減少部分 BOD（生物需氧量）值或者僅僅是讓水通過；最壞的情況是這些污水在排入水體前腐蝕這些設(shè)備并增強(qiáng)毒性。 Oil refinement leads to full or partial removal of harmful substances. Depending upon the depth of purification, the following types of oil are produced: 食用油的提純導(dǎo)致全部或部分的有害物質(zhì)的被去除。 Therefore, we are facing a crucially important task which foresees a more detailed examination of peculiarities of such valuable product as sunflower oil, bringing this production closer to the ecologically clean technologies whilst minimising the wastes of production. 因此 ,我們正在面臨著一個重要的任務(wù) , 更詳盡地預(yù)測如此有價值的向日葵花油的產(chǎn)品特性，促進(jìn)清潔生產(chǎn)同時減少產(chǎn)生的廢料。其中一個最重要的問題是企業(yè)面臨的食品工業(yè) 污水 處理的問題。 thinlayer chromatography。其中薄層色譜法應(yīng)用于識別脂肪含量 (磷脂 )的污水。這種產(chǎn)品的特征是包含了某些材料，除了具有提供傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)分和能量的功能，還具有一系列獨(dú)特的生理功能，有助于人體對抗負(fù)面影響。 Ukraine is one of the five main world producers of sunflower. Yearly output of sunflower amounted to more than 4 million tonnes in this year. Only Argentine ( m tonnes) produced more. 烏克蘭是世界五個主要向日葵生產(chǎn)地之一。 Extraction method is applied owing to the solubility of fat in organic ether, hexane, and pentane. The fat which is produced in this manner must be cleansed of solvents and the fat is to be refined. 提取方法是 應(yīng)用于溶解性脂肪如有機(jī)醚、環(huán)己烷和 戊烷 。有臭味的油具有的顏色、氣味、味道都是獨(dú)一無二的 ,其原料以及所有類似的物質(zhì) (包括生物活性物 )都是土生土長的。這些物質(zhì)排放到 水體 中促進(jìn)了腐爛 過程，病原菌污染了水體 ，導(dǎo)致水惡臭并且對動植物產(chǎn)生影響。 事先未經(jīng)凈化的污水不可能 排放 在開放的水體中。 3 Phosphates mg/dm179。 2 氨 mg/dm179。 In order to determine BOD5, a neutralisation of the examined water sample was made and the water sample was dissolved using a specially prepared, oxygensaturated water containing nutrients。 For identification of fat content of wastewaters, the thinlayer chromatography method was applied with silica gel ―H‖ plates pr