【正文】 G246。 Can you measure the impact of knowledge management ? 你能衡量知識(shí)管理的影響嗎？ 結(jié) 語(yǔ) Conclusion 1 People, their beliefs and their cognitive behaviours differ 人民的信仰和他們的認(rèn)知行為各有不同 2 No pany is homogeneous and one solution will not fit all 企業(yè)之間的情況也不盡相同，因此單一的解決方法不能保打天下。在多數(shù)情況下，下面畫(huà)出的降級(jí)路線圖才是最普遍的事實(shí)。s 但是，隱性知識(shí)交換還需要采用其他方式，諸如 :在“車(chē)輪酒吧”聊天，參與其他隱性交換過(guò)程，如到聊天室和咖啡廳交談等。 第四步：傳播（ 2） Step 4 Dissemination (2) Helped by 促進(jìn)因素 Hindered by 阻礙因素 Appropriate IT integrated with the IT of the recipients 將 IT技術(shù)與受眾的 IT技術(shù)適當(dāng)?shù)娜诤推饋?lái) Care with the use of 謹(jǐn)慎使用電子郵件 Diversity of means to disseminate to a diverse group of recipients 利用不同的方式將信息傳播到不同的受眾人群中去 IT easy to use from a mechanistic standpoint and people are trained to use it 從技術(shù)角度看， IT技術(shù)要便于使用。 Decrease the absolute level of codification but beware of the “Wagon Wheel Bar” situation. 減少編碼中的絕對(duì)化程度，但還要注意“車(chē)輪條幅”的情況 。 第三步：抽象化（ 2） Step 3 Abstraction (2) Helped by 促進(jìn)因素 Hindered by 阻礙因素 Management supports obtaining a full understanding and the team has the ability to do it. 充分理解管理方面所提供支持的重要性，且團(tuán)隊(duì)有能力操作 IP department facilitates when appropriate 項(xiàng)目處理部門(mén)適時(shí)的協(xié)助 Results published internally and externally as appropriate 適時(shí)地向企業(yè)內(nèi)外公布研究結(jié)果 IT supports recording in a style that will help reuse 利用 IT技術(shù)協(xié)助記錄，以便再利用 Too much faith or dependence on IT對(duì)IT技術(shù)過(guò)分迷信或依賴 Feeling that there is no need to record as it is boring and there is no incentive to publish externally 認(rèn)為記錄工作枯燥而沒(méi)有必要，且不想對(duì)外發(fā)布資料 Generalisation seen as an unnecessary extra activity 認(rèn)為歸納工作是不必要的多余行為 Customers not made aware of the possibilities 客戶對(duì)存在的可能性不了解 第三步：抽象化（ 2） 續(xù) Management supports Management erects barriers to nonIT munication recording and generalisation 管理層對(duì)非 IT領(lǐng)域交流的支持 管理層為記錄和歸納工作設(shè)置層層障礙 Team reward is the norm No verbal presentation/training in 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)是最起碼的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) the results no learning 對(duì)研究結(jié)果沒(méi)有口頭的論述或培訓(xùn) ， 就不會(huì)學(xué)到東西 Competence is allowed to grow Knowledge hoarding protects 允許能力進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng) job and reputation 認(rèn)為知識(shí)的藏而不露是工作和名譽(yù)的保障 Semantics, mentalese and to a lesser extent, ontology, all play an important part. Semantic works are expensive but necessary and this has to be understood. Other than for strategic and tactical reasons, the part played by mentalese vitally affects the degree of codification desirable or possible. 語(yǔ)義學(xué)、精神語(yǔ)言，甚至從更小范圍說(shuō)，存在論都在這里扮演了重要角色。人們根據(jù)先人積累的信息去解決以前沒(méi)有涉及的問(wèn)題，當(dāng)然，創(chuàng)新性的解決方式也是十分重要的。由于為不同的窘境所迫，他們采取了千人一面這樣欠妥的方式。 Epistemologies – what are they ? 認(rèn)識(shí)論角度的分析？ AUTOPOIETICS 自我創(chuàng)生性 清楚 Clear Fairly clear – may be bifurcated 比較清楚（可能分為兩部分） 有所偏愛(ài) Some preferences ―順風(fēng)倒 ‖ “Flexible” 千篇一律 All things to all people 迷茫 Confused 不知所措 Very confused CONNECTIVISTS 連通性 COGNITIVISTS 認(rèn)知性 Ardent axiologist 狂熱的價(jià) 值論者 Ardent logical positivist 狂熱而又不失理 性的實(shí)證主義者 Cognitivist Connectivist Autopoietic 認(rèn)知性 連通性 自我創(chuàng)生性 Epistemology and value theory認(rèn)識(shí)論和價(jià)值論 Ardent Axiologist 狂熱的價(jià) 值論者 Ardent logical Positivist 狂熱 而又不失理性 的實(shí)證主義者 Cognitivist Connectivist Autopoietic 認(rèn)知性 連通性 自我創(chuàng)生性 Document Management 文本管理 Content Management 內(nèi)容管理 Complex Groupware 合成組件 Simple groupware 單一組件 Capability directories 能力目錄 All / any / none 所有、任何、沒(méi)有 什么樣的知識(shí)管理工具才適合他們？ What KM tools suit them ? Boisot的社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)周期 Boisot’s Social Learning Cycle Scanning 審視 Dissemination 傳播 Absorption 吸收 Problem Solving 解決問(wèn)題 Look on this as the simple life cycle of knowledge. 請(qǐng)大家看一下這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的知識(shí)生命周期。團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)部與團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的交流、溝通也很重要。雖然建立語(yǔ)義學(xué)網(wǎng)絡(luò)耗資巨大，但卻十分值得，這一點(diǎn)還望大家理解。 Systematically increase the level of codification and make sure you have a single coherent approach. 系統(tǒng)化地加強(qiáng)編碼的級(jí)別，并確保你能遵循一個(gè)前后連貫的方法。同時(shí)要訓(xùn)練人們?nèi)ナ褂盟? Socialise 社會(huì)化 Internalise 主觀化 Combination 組合 Externalise 具體化 From 源自 Tacit 隱性 Explicit 顯性 To 用于 Tacit 隱性 Explicit 顯性 Nonaka and Takeuchi 第五步：吸收（ 1） Step 5 Absorption (1) The reuse of knowledge is very closely influenced by the processes in steps 3 and 4. The means of absorption must match the means of abstraction and dissemination, hence must acmodate tacit and explicit exchange. Explicit absorption must acknowledge the need for the context and should facilitate publishing on demand. 這一步對(duì)知識(shí)再利用的影響與第三和第四步很相近。 如何更好地吸收 Facilitating absorption ORIGINATOR 創(chuàng)作者 Wisdom 智慧 Knowledge 知識(shí) Information 信息 Data 數(shù)據(jù) 接受者 Wisdom 智慧 Knowledge 知識(shí) Information 信息 Data 數(shù)據(jù) 第六步：影響（ 1） Step 6 Impacting (1) Impacting involves and acknowledgement of the change of state of the user of the knowledge. Metrics on the transfer of knowledge itself and on the overall effect on the anisation are applied at this stage. 影響的產(chǎn)生是知識(shí)使用者對(duì)自身狀態(tài)改變的肯定。 3 Knowledge is used in diverse ways but not all of them create value 知識(shí)可以用于不同的渠道，但并非都能產(chǎn)生價(jià)值 4 2nd generation intellectual capital models reveal crucial transformations 第二代知識(shí)資本模型揭示了一些重要變革的發(fā)生 5 Metrics can be devised to monitor the impact of knowledge management 在監(jiān)控知識(shí)管理的影響方面，可以采用不同的量化方法 1. Strategic and based on the pany’s strategy – use IC processes to show how knowledge is used. 戰(zhàn)略性步驟及基于企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略采取的步驟 ， 即利用知識(shí)資本運(yùn)行過(guò)程向人們展示如何利用知識(shí) 2. Carry out an epistemological and philosophical assessment to find out what the people think and how they like to