美國文學(xué)簡史復(fù)習資料-免費閱讀
【正文】 Hurston。 The Lost Generation named applied to the disillusioned intellectuals and aesthetes of the years following World War I, who rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein, “You are all a lost generation,” addressed to Hemingway, was used as a preface to the latter’s novel The Sun Also Rises, which brilliantly describes an expatriate group typical of the “l(fā)ost generation.”Two major representativesF. Scott Fitzgeraldthe spokesman of the “roaring 20s”The Great Gatsby 了不起的蓋茨比216。The Prince and the Pauper 王子與貧兒。 Edgar Allen Poethe father of modern horror story and detective story Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪誕故事集；The Raven烏鴉 Literary theories (on poetry) Poetical principles Length: there is a distinct limit to all works of literary art—the limit of a single sitting. Province: Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem.Tone: Sadness is the tone of Beauty’s highest manifestation. Melancholy is the most legitimateof all the poetical tones. Death of a beautiful woman is the most poetical topic in the world.The immediate object of poetry is pleasure, not truth. Poe defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty”, and declares that music is the perfection of the soul, or idea, of poetry.Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass草葉集216。 placing the individual against the group, against authority.Stress on the close relationship between man and nature. Fascination with the wild, the irregular, the indefinite, the remote, the mysterious, and the strange Cherishing a strong interest in the past, especially the medieval. Features of American Romanticism：New experience in the American Romanticism. The exotic landscape, the frontier life, the westward expansion, the myth of a New Garden of Eden in America, and the Puritan heritage, etc., these were all materials for an indigenous literature. A deep influence from the American Puritanism. Different from their European counterparts, American romantics tended to moralize, to edify rather than to entertain.The “newness” of the Americans as a nation. The Americans are different from the Europeans. Their ideals of individualism and political equality, and their dream that America was to be a new Garden of eden for man were distinctly American.The New England Poets:Henry W. LongfellowA Psalm of Life 人生禮贊Main writersWashington IrvingThe Sketch Book (18191820)見聞札記。The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的傳說James Fenimore CooperLeatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集。 Emily Dickinson Features of Dickinson’s poemsDickinson’s style is characteristic of frequent use of dashes, sporadic capitalization of nouns,convoluted and ungrammatical phrasing, offrhymes, broken meters, bold and unconventional and often startling metaphors, and aphoristic wit. Her poetry prepares for modern poetry in the 20th century. lyric. Her poems are remarkable for their variety, subtlety, and richness. brevity and intensity. unorthodox syntax and punctuation.innovation in rhyme. One the whole, her poetry is irregular in rhyme and rhythm. 美國現(xiàn)實主義文學(xué)RealismHistorical backgroundImpact of the Civil War Changes in national economic life Concentration of wealth and power Polarization of the rich and the poor (This was the beginning of what Mark Twain called “The Gilded Age” — an age of extremes: of decline and progress, of poverty
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