【正文】 s life can be preserved indefinitely and live on long after its creator dies. In the following stanzas, Longfellow likens living in the world to fighting on a huge field of battle. He believes that people should lead heroic and courageous lives and not sit idle and remain ineffectual while the world rapidly changes around them: Be not like dumb, driven cattle! Be a hero in the strife! His use of the word strife is especially interesting, since it clearly acknowledges that life is inherently difficult, is a constant struggle, and will never be easy. Longfellow then encourages everyone to have faith and trust the lord and not to rely on an unknown future to be stable and supportive. He advises people to seize the moments they have before them and act while thinking about their present situations. Longfellow continues his poem by citing the lives of great and important men who were able to lead incredible lives and leave their marks. He views these men as role models for people who have yet to live their lives。 there is always something more to be hopeful and optimistic for. Longfellow begins discussing how humans must live their lives in constant anticipation for the next day under the belief that it will be better than each day before it: But to act that each tomorrow / Find us farther than today. In the subsequent stanza, Longfellow asserts that there is never an infinite amount of time to live, but art that is created during one39。It is deep rooted and old, and believes in the existence of specters. It gives greatest value to the soul and considers it as the perfect and purest element in humans that live s eternally. The Indian culture is a strong one that has a strong belief in its principles that no reason can solve its mystery. By resorting to reason, one is to misunderstand and misjudge this beautiful culture that deserves more care and attention.s tradition, in the Indian39。s thy honeyed blossoms blow. Unseen thy little branches greet。s poetry. Philip Morin Freneau was a notable American poet, nationalist, polemicist, sea captain and newspaper short lyric was written in 39。代表作家Ralph Waldo Emersion ③作品：“Nature”《論自然》、“Essays”《隨筆錄》、 “The American Scholar”《美國(guó)學(xué)者》, our intellectual Declaration of 。華萊士?斯蒂文斯 Wallace Stevens (18791955)※《彼得?昆士彈琴》“Peter Quince at the Clavier”※《壇子的軼事》“Anecdote of the Jar”※《冰淇淋皇帝》 “The Emperor of IceCream”《風(fēng)琴》 “Harmonium”《關(guān)于秩序的思想》 “Ideas of Order”《帶藍(lán)吉它的人》 “The Man with the Blue Guitar”《一個(gè)世界的幾個(gè)部分》 ”Parts of a World”《入夏》 “Transport to Summer”《秋天的曙光》 “The Auroras of Autumn”《必要的天使》“Necessary Angel”《詩歌選集》 “Collected Poems”《遺著》 “Opus Posthumous”《諧音》 “Harmonium”《星期六早晨》 “Sunday Morning”6。歐?亨利 O? Henry (18621910)※《警察與贊美詩》 “The Cop and the Anthem”《四百萬》 “The Four Million”《舊知》 “Retrieved Reformation”《麥珙的禮物》“The Gift of the Magi”《市政報(bào)告》 “A Municipal Report”《沒講完的故事》“An Unfinished Story”《月亮女神》“Phoebe”《吝嗇愛人》 “A Lickpenny Lover”《裝飾過的房間》“The Furnished Room”6。亨利?戴維?梭羅 Henry David Thoreau (18171862)※《沃爾登 我生活的地方 我為何生活》“Walden Where I Lived, and What I Lived For”《平民反抗》 “Civil Disobedience”7。附：作者及作品（第一、二冊(cè)）一、殖民主義時(shí)期 The Literature of Colonial America1．船長(zhǎng)約翰?史密斯 Captain John Smith《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亞墾荒以來發(fā)生的各種事件的真實(shí)介紹》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”《弗吉尼亞地圖，附：一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”《弗吉尼亞通史》 “General History of Virginia”2．威廉?布拉德福德 William Bradford《普利茅斯開發(fā)歷史》 “The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．約翰?溫思羅普 John Winthrop《新英格蘭歷史》 “The History of New England”4．羅杰?威廉姆斯 Roger Williams《開啟美國(guó)語言的鑰匙》”A Key into the Language of America”或叫《美洲新英格蘭部分土著居民語言指南》Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”5．安妮?布萊德斯特 Anne Bradstreet《在美洲誕生的第十個(gè)謬斯》”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命時(shí)期文學(xué) The Literature of Reason and Revolution1。納撒尼爾?霍桑 Nathaniel Hawthorne (18041864)※《紅字》 “The Scarlet Letter”《七尖角閣的房子》 “The House of the Seven Gables”《海關(guān)大樓》“The Custom House”《福谷浪漫史》“The Blithedale Romance”《古夏青苔》“Mosses From an Old Manse”《寶石神像》 “The Marble Faun”《伊桑?布蘭德》 “Ethan Brand”《小伙子布朗》 “Young Goodman Brown”《海德格博士的體驗(yàn)》 “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment”《野心勃勃的客人》 “The Ambitious Guest”《巨石臉》“The Great Stone Face”8。亨利?詹姆斯 Henry James (18431916)※《一個(gè)貴婦人的畫像》 ”The Portrait of A Lady”《觀察和守護(hù)》 “Watch and Ward”《羅德里克?赫德森》 “Roderick Hudson”《美國(guó)人》 “The American”《達(dá)西?密勒》 “Daisy Miller”《波士頓人》 “The Bostonians”《卡薩瑪西瑪公主》 “The Princess Casamassima”《悲慘的繆斯》“The Tragic Muse”《鴿翼》 “The Wings of the Dove”《大使》“The Ambassadors”《金碗》 “The Golden Bowl”7。托馬斯?斯特恩斯?愛略特 Thomas Stearns Eliot (18881965)※《J?阿爾弗雷德?普魯弗洛克的情歌》“The Love Song of J? Alfred Prufrock”※《序曲》 “Preludes”※《三賢哲的旅程》 “Journey of the Magi”※《空心人 給老蓋伊一文錢吧》”The Hollow Men A Penny for the Old Guy”《普魯弗洛克及其它一些觀察》 ”Prufrock and Other Observations”《詩集》“Poems”《圣林》 “The Sacred Wood”《傳統(tǒng)和個(gè)人天才》 “Tradition and the Individual Talent”《荒原》 “The Waste Land”《空心人》 “The Hollow Men”《灰星期三》 “AshWednesday”《四個(gè)四重奏》“Four Quartets”《向德賴登致敬》“Homage to John Dryden”《萎縮爭(zhēng)論》 “Sweeney Agonistes”《耶利爾詩集》 “Ariel Poems”《大教堂兇殺案》 “Murder in the Cathedral”《詩歌的用法和評(píng)論的用法》”The Uses of Poetry and the Uses of Criticism”《家庭重聚》 “The Family Reunion”《雞尾酒會(huì)》“The Cocktail Party”《機(jī)要秘書》 “The Confidential Clerk”《政界元老》 “The Elder Statesman”《完美的詩歌與劇作》 “The Complete Poems and Plays”7。④his most important works are “Representative Men ”《代表》and “English Traits”《英國(guó)人》、“Poems”《詩集》⑤摘自《論自然》：Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. I bee a transparent eyeball. 人形的約束沒有了。s said that the poet was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking in a garden.The poet describes his thoughts