【正文】 the religious and philosophical doctrines of Ralph Waldo Emerson and others in New England in the middle 1800’s, which emphasized the importance of individual inspiration and intuition, the Oversoul, and Nature. Other concepts that acpanied Transcendentalism include the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, selfreliant. New England Transcendentalism is the product of a bination of native American Puritanism and European Romanticism. 特點(diǎn)：1）as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and ，不講系統(tǒng)，只強(qiáng)調(diào)超越理性的感受，超越法律和世俗束縛的個(gè)人表達(dá)。埃德溫?阿林頓?羅賓遜Edwin Arlington Robinson (18691935)※《山上的古屋》 “The House on the Hill”※《理查?珂利》 “Richard Cory”※《米尼弗?契維》 “Miniver Cheevy”《蒂爾伯里小鎮(zhèn)》 “Tilburg Town”《克雷格艦長(zhǎng)》 “Captain Craig”《本?瓊生招待一個(gè)來(lái)自斯特拉福德的朋友》“Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from Stratford”《默林》 “Merlin”《蘭斯洛特》 “Lancelot”《特拉斯特拉姆》 “Tristram”3。愛(ài)米麗?狄金森 Emily Dickinson (18301886)※《我品味未經(jīng)釀造的飲料》 ”I taste a liquor never brewed”※《我意識(shí)到一場(chǎng)葬禮》 “I felt a Funeral, in my Brain”※《鳥(niǎo)兒沿著小徑過(guò)來(lái)》 “A Bird came down the Walk—“※《我為美而死》 “I died for Beautybut was scarce”※《聽(tīng)到蒼蠅的嗡嗡聲—我死時(shí)》“I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—“※《我不能等候死神》 “Because I could not stop for Death—“3。威廉?卡倫?布萊恩特 William Cullen Bryant (17941878)※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis”※《致水鳥(niǎo)》“To a Waterfowl”4。華盛頓?歐文 Washington Irving (17831859)※《作者自敘》 “The Author’s Account of Himself”※《睡谷傳奇》 “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”《見(jiàn)聞札記》“Sketch Book”《喬納森?歐爾德斯泰爾》 “Jonathan Oldstyle”《紐約外史》 “A History of New York”《布雷斯布里奇莊園》“Bracebridge Hall”《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller”《查理二世》或《快樂(lè)君主》 “Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch”《克里斯托弗?哥倫布生平及航海歷史》“A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus”《格拉納達(dá)征服編年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada”《哥倫布同伴航海及發(fā)現(xiàn)》”Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus”《阿爾罕布拉》 “Alhambra”《西班牙征服傳說(shuō)》 “Legends of the Conquest of Spain”《草原游記》“A Tour on the Prairies”《阿斯托里亞》“Astoria”《博納維爾船長(zhǎng)歷險(xiǎn)記》 “The Adventures of Captain Bonneville”《奧立弗?戈?duì)柕率访芩埂? ”Life of Oliver Goldsmith”《喬治?華盛頓傳》 “Life of George Washington”2．詹姆斯?芬尼莫?庫(kù)珀 James Fenimore Cooper (17891851)※《最后的莫希干人》 “The Last of the Mohicans”《間諜》“The Spy”《領(lǐng)航者》 “The Pilot”《美國(guó)海軍》 “. Navy”《皮襪子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales”包括《殺鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder”《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans”《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire”3。沃爾特?惠特曼 Walt Whitman (18191892)※《自己之歌》“Song of Myself”※《我坐在這兒眺望著》 “I Sit and Look Out”※《敲呀！敲呀！鼓?。　?“DRUMTAPS Beat! Beat! Drums”《草葉集》 “Leaves of Grass”2。埃茲拉?龐德 Ezra Pound (18851972)※《一臺(tái)古鋼琴》 “A Virginal”※《再次致意》 “Salutation the Second”※《合同》 “A Pact”※《地鐵站臺(tái)》“In a Station of the Metro”※《長(zhǎng)干行》 “The RiverMerchant’s Wife:A Letter”2。約翰?斯坦貝爾 John Steinbeck (19021968)※《憤怒的葡萄》“The Grapes of Wrath”《科特茲之?！?“The Sea of Corctz”《長(zhǎng)谷》 “The Long Valley”《鼠與人》“Of Mice and Men”《勝負(fù)末決的戰(zhàn)斗》 “In Dubious Battle”《托蒂亞平地》 “Tortilla Flat”10。Washington ① the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 美國(guó)第一位浪漫主義散文文體作家7. Puritanism The principles and practices of puritans were popularly known as Puritanism. Puritanism accepted the doctrines of Calvinism: the sovereignty of God。 s days are numbered. No one can violate the great law of nature,even under protective wings of an angel or grew in the fate is doomed.The poem39。On which the curious eye may traces poems, the rhythm and rhyme scheme of To Helen is irregular but musical in sound. The poem consists of three stanzas of five lines each, where the end rhyme of the first stanza is ABABB, that of the second is ABABA, and that of the third is ABBAB. Poe uses soothing, positive words and rhythms to create a fitting tone and atmosphere for the poem. His concluding image is that of light, with a brilliant window niche and the agate lamp suggesting the glowing of the Holy Land, for which Helen is the beacon Annabel Lee,like many other poems of Edgar Allan Poe,describes the theme of the death of a beautiful woman which is called “the most poetical topic in the world” by the poet the poem,the narrator and Annabel Lee had an extremely strong love for each other since they were ,their love is so strong that even angels envy them and Annabel Lee was killed by ,the narrator retains the deep love for her after her as the last stanza shows us,the narrator dreams about Annabel everyday and lies by the side of her tomb at seems that their love is beyond grave and are many speculation of who is the inspiration of Annabel would like to believe that Annabel Lee is referring to Poe’s wife Virginia who died at the age of was loved as a child by Edgar Allen Poe because she was only 13 when she married the 27yearold she was the only bride of him.Poe set the scene in a kingdom by the sea and uses some images like sepulcher and tomb,which add some Gothic touch to the the repetition of some words and phrases,the poem has a nostalgic tone and gives us a mournful mysterious tone of the poem makes us feel that only in mysterious and ancient time does such kind of love exist.Besides the content,the poetic structure of this poem is also what I is posed of six stanzas with lines at different length,which gives me a feeling of the waves of the I read it,the rhyme and the different length makes it has a musical effect and it is like telling a story to someone. . A Psalm of LifeHenry Wadsworth Longfellow begins his poem A Psalm of Life with the same exuberance and enthusiasm that continues through most of the poem. He begs in the first stanza to be told not in mournful numbers about life. He states here that life doesn39。t abruptly end when one dies。 The atmosphere symbolizes the universal self is conceived of as a spiritual entity which remains relatively permanent in and through th