【正文】 》 “The People of the Abyss”《海狼》 “The Sea Wolf”《階級(jí)的斗爭(zhēng)》 “The War of the Classes”《鐵蹄》 “The Iron Heel”《馬丁?伊登》“Martin Eden”《革命》“Revolution”《生活的法則》“The Law of Life”《白牙》 “White Fong”8。哈麗雅特?比徹?斯托 Harriet Beecher Stowe (18111896)※《湯姆叔叔的小屋》“Uncle Tom’s Cabin”《湯姆叔叔小屋題解》 “A Key to Uncle Tom’s cabin”《德雷德，陰暗大沼地的故事》“Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp”4。赫爾曼?麥爾維爾 Herman Melville (18191891)※《白鯨》 “Moby Dick”《泰皮》 “Typee”《歐穆》 “Omoo”《雷德車(chē)》 “Bedburn”《白外衣》 “WhiteJacket”《比利?伯德》“Billy Budd”《瑪?shù)亍? “Mardi”《皮埃爾》 “Pierre”《班內(nèi)托?西蘭尼》 “Benito Cereno”9。埃德加?阿倫?坡 Edgar Allan Poe (18091849)※《給海倫》“To Helen”※《烏鴉》 “The Raven”※《安娜貝爾?李》“Annabel Lee”※《鄂榭府崩潰記》“The Fall of the House of Usher”《金瓶子城的方德先生》 “Ms. Found in a Bottle”《述異集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque”5。本杰明?富蘭克林 Benjamin Franklin (17061790)※《自傳》 “ The Autobiography ”《窮人理查德的年鑒》 “Poor Richard’s Almanac”2。托馬斯?佩因 Thomas Paine (17371809)※《美國(guó)危機(jī)》 “The American Crisis”《收稅官的案子》 “The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常識(shí)》“Common Sense”《人權(quán)》 “Rights of Man”《理性的時(shí)代》 “The Age of Reason”《土地公平》 “Agrarian Justice”3托馬斯?杰弗遜 Thomas Jefferson (17431826)※《獨(dú)立宣言》“The Declaration of Independence”4菲利浦?弗瑞諾Philip Freneau (17521832)※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”※《印第安人的墳地》 “The Indian Burying Ground”※《致凱提?迪德》“To a CatyDid”《想象的力量》 “The Power of Fancy”《夜屋》 “The House of Night”《英國(guó)囚船》“The British Prison Ship”《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后期弗瑞諾主要詩(shī)歌集》“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”《札記》 “Miscellaneous Works”三、浪漫主義文學(xué) The Literature of Romanticism1。拉爾夫?沃爾多?愛(ài)默生 Ralph Waldo Emerson (18031882)※《論自然》 “Nature”《論自助》 “SelfReliance”《美國(guó)學(xué)者》“The American Scholar”《神學(xué)院致辭》 “The Divinity School Address”《隨筆集》 “Essays”《代表》 “Representative Men”《英國(guó)人》 “English Traits”《詩(shī)集》 “Poems”6。亨利?沃茲沃思?朗費(fèi)羅 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (18071882)※《人生禮贊》 “A Psalm of Life”※《奴隸的夢(mèng)》 “The Slave’s Dream”※《逝去的青春》 “My Lost Youth”※《海華沙之歌 海華沙的禁食》“The Song of Hiawatha Hiawatha’s Fasting”《海外記游》“OutreMer”《海華沙》“Hiawatha”《夜吟》 “Voices of the Night”《許珀里翁》 “Hyperion”《歌謠及其他》“Ballads and other Poems”《奴隸制度詩(shī)篇》“Poems on Slavery”《伊凡吉林》 “Evangeline”《邁克爾?安吉洛》 “Michael Angelo”《金星號(hào)遇難》 “The Wreck of the Hesperus”《精益求精》 “Excelsior”《鄉(xiāng)村鐵匠》 “The Village Blacksmith”四、現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)The Literature of Realism1。馬克?吐溫 Mark Twain (18351910)※《湯姆?索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》 ”The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”《跳蛙》 “Jumping Frog”《傻子國(guó)外旅行記》 “Innocents Abroad”《艱苦歲月》 “Roughing It”《鍍金時(shí)代》 “The Gilded Age”《密西西比河上的生活》 ”Life on the Mississippi”《哈克貝里?費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》”Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”《傻瓜威爾遜》 “Pudd’nhead Wilson”《敗壞了哈德萊堡的人》”The Man that Corrupted Hadleybury”《什么是人？》 “What is Man”《神秘來(lái)客》“The Mysterious Stranger”5。西奧多?德萊塞 Theodore Dreiser (18711945)※《嘉莉妹妹》 “Sister Carrie”《尼吉爾?杰夫》 “Nigger Jeff”《巴塞爾?洛格勞的女兒》”Butcher Rogaum’s Daughter”《珍妮姑娘》“Jannie Gerhardt”《金融家》 “The Financier”《巨人》 “The Titan”《斯多葛》 “The Stoic”《天才》 “Genius”《德萊塞訪蘇印象記》 “Dreiser Looks at Russia”五、二十世紀(jì)文學(xué)Twentieth—Century Literature1?？?桑德堡 Carl Sandburg (18781967)※《芝加哥》 “Chicago”※《港灣》“The Harbor”※《霧》 “Fog”※《冰冷的墓》 “Cool Tombs”※《閃爍的深紅》 “Flash Crimson”※《人民，是的》 “The People, Yes”《芝加哥詩(shī)集》 “Chicago Poems”《剝玉米的人》 “Cornhuskers”《煙與鋼》 “Smoke and Steel”《太陽(yáng)燒灼的西方石板》”Slabs of the Sunburnt West”《美國(guó)歌謠匯編》“The American Songbag”《芝加哥種族動(dòng)亂》 “The Chicago Race Riots”《路特拜故事集》“The Rootabaga Stories”《攝影家斯泰肯》 “Steichen the Photographer”《瑪麗?林肯》“Mary Lincoln”《亞伯拉罕?林肯》 “Abraham Lincoln”5。厄恩斯特?海明威 Ernest Hemingway (18991961)※《永別了，武器》 “A Farewell to Arms”《三個(gè)故事和十篇詩(shī)歌》”Three Stories and Ten Poems”《太陽(yáng)照樣升起》 “The Sun Also Rises”《喪鐘為誰(shuí)而鳴》“For Whom the Bell Tolls”《死在午后》 “Death in the Afternoon”《非洲的青山》 “The Green Hills of Africa”《過(guò)河入林》“Across the River and into the Trees”《老人與海》 “The Old Man and the Sea”9。3）they believe in the transcendence of over soul, an allpervading power for goodness from which all things e and of which all things are a part. 相信精神上的超越，相信無(wú)所不能的善的力量，強(qiáng)調(diào)善為萬(wàn)物之源。 it believes that we create the world in the act of perceiving it. Modernism implies historical discontinuity, a sense of alienation, of loss, and of despair. It elevates the individual and his inner being over social man and prefers the unconscious to the selfconscious.T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land”, the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.6. Romanticism Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England in the later half of the 18th century. It first made its appearance in England as a renewed interest in medieval literature. William Blake and Robert Burns represented the spirit of what is usually called PreRomanticism. With the publication of William Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads in collaboration with S. T. Coleridge, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in history of English literature. In fact, the first half the 19th century recorded the triumph of Romanticism.Romanticism的特點(diǎn)：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that he natural world was a source of ，都注重道德，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人主義價(jià)值觀和直覺(jué)感受，并且認(rèn)為自然是美的源頭，人類(lèi)社會(huì)是腐敗之源。野金銀花By Philip FreneauIt is Philip Morin Freneau39。s disturbance and poet admired the beauty of nature.Even in these idyllic circumstances, however, the honeysuckle39。s poet used you to describe the Wild Honey Suckle.Second, It39。Summary:Unlike the white man39。This difference makes the strangers reflect on this tradition, which they consider unacceptable and savage as the speaker says:s customs. Still, it is a deeprooted one which h