【正文】 例如，核電廠，垃圾處理場，和許多制造廠 創(chuàng)造了 相對較少的工作 機會 和產(chǎn)生少量本地采購。 旅游業(yè)的對技能要求較低的工作對于那些教育文化背景較低的人來說是非常合適的。 第三，幾十年 “ 煙囪追逐 ”的經(jīng)驗 一直 令 許多社區(qū) 人們感到失望 。大多數(shù)社區(qū) 考慮的就是較細微 的公共投資等 例如 新的道路，歷史標志，鎮(zhèn)清理，店面康復，銷售。 福特的經(jīng)濟學 課運用 在處理旅游業(yè)對當?shù)亟?jīng)濟 的 影響；然而，經(jīng)濟學家無法描述誰是 游客或他們?yōu)槭裁绰眯小?目前 較為突出的地方經(jīng)濟發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略 中 可以追溯到幾個工業(yè)旅游的特點。 and marketing. Michal Smith details the negative affects of tourism development in rural areas of the southeastern United States. Finally, Valene Smith’ s book presents international case studies that document cultural changes caused by tourism development. Despite their different focuses, all three books agree that tourism development has its benefits and costs and that changes to the destination areas are inevitable. Careful planning and marketing can lessen the harmful effects of tourism development. Tourism is an increasingly popular elixir to economic rural and urban underdevelopment. Its current prominence in the array of local economic development strategies can be traced to several features of the tourism industry. Tourism jobs are mostly lowskill jobs, which are a good fit with the job skills of many rural residents. Also, tourism has a potential for creating an export base that builds on favorable local advantages such as a pleasant climate or sites of historic or natural interest. More １０ important, tourism strategies mesh with the current political philosophy and budget realities of minimizing government involvement and investment. The acmodations, restaurants, and entertainment activities that necessarily acpany tourism are assumed to be provided by the private sector. Critics of tourism as a development strategy cite its lowpaying and deadend jobs, its degradation of the local natural environment, and its potential corruption of local culture and customs. Further, not every jurisdiction in need of jobs and a tax base has tourism potential. The study of tourism, like much of the economic development literature, draws from a wide range of disciplines. The forte of economists is in addressing the affects of tourism on the local economy。而社區(qū)的辦法可能是一種有效的方式，推動旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造了必要的共同合作，合作是一個復雜而艱難的過程。 旅游開發(fā) 涉及（ 1） 景點：社區(qū) 內(nèi) 自然和人為的 功能分區(qū) ； （ 2） 推廣：一個社區(qū)和旅游景點的潛在游客 的營銷 ； （ 3） 旅游設施：設施（公路，機場，火車，公共汽車），水和電力服務，停車場，標志，及娛樂設施； （ 4） 服務：住宿，餐飲，和各種零售企業(yè)需要照顧的游客的需要； （ 5） 餐飲：游客在旅游企業(yè)和旅游景點 被 社區(qū)居民和雇員 如何對待 （甘 1988）。 盡管有這些好處，其可行性作為一個經(jīng)濟發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，鄉(xiāng)村旅游， 在 一些農(nóng)村地區(qū) 業(yè)有缺點 （ luloff等人。鄉(xiāng)村旅游的發(fā)展可以帶動制造等的發(fā)展。農(nóng)場的危機和制造工作 的丟失對 農(nóng)村社區(qū) 產(chǎn)生了重大的影響 。 Jamal and Getz 1995). Because of these problems, research on collaboration and those factors that allow for munity development of tourism is needed . The purpose of the present study is to identify and examine those factors ５ that help rural munities successfully develop tourism and its entrepreneurship opportunities. The present study makes an additional contribution to the research literature by including rural tourism entrepreneurs, an overlooked group in rural tourism research (Stokowski 1990). ６ 鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展成功因素 作者： 蘇珊娜威爾遜，丹尼爾 (2) promotion: the marketing of a munity and its tourism attractions to potential tourists。s ability to bring in dollars and to generate jobs and support retail growth. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine those factors that have helped rural munities successfully develop tourism and its entrepreneurship opportunities. Several focus groups were conducted with local businesspersons and leaders in six rural Illinois munities. The results clearly demonstrate the importance of the munity approach to tourism development and that rural tourism development and entrepreneurship cannot work without the participation and collaboration of businesspersons directly and indirectly involved in tourism. ２ Since the 1970s, economic restructuring and the farm crisis have severely reduced rural munities’ economic