【正文】 ing to hospital．得了這種病(你)就要進(jìn)醫(yī)院。She has a lot of work to do in the morning．早上他有很多工作要做。4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如： ability能力，本領(lǐng) drive趕，駕駛 movement運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng) ambition抱負(fù)，野心 effort努力，嘗試 need需要，需求 campaign戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動(dòng) failure失敗，不及格 opportunity機(jī)會(huì) chance機(jī)會(huì) force力，壓力，要點(diǎn) promise許諾，希望 courage勇氣 intention意向，意圖 reason理由，原因 decision決定 method方法，方式 light光，光線(xiàn)，亮光determination決心，決定 motive動(dòng)機(jī)，目的 struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢(shì) wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時(shí)候，只能用不定式。如： tend to dotendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要買(mǎi)輛車(chē)的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那個(gè)修好的表了嗎? He is an advanced teacher．他是個(gè)先進(jìn)教師。1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown ，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。(伴隨)They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(原因)Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔細(xì)讀書(shū)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(結(jié)果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個(gè)子不夠高，手伸不到書(shū)架。6．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)（1)疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)。t know what to do．我不知道該怎么辦。 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，只能跟疑問(wèn)詞（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有?，只能?”講時(shí)跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（but與不帶to的不定式 連用）。I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。但是，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。例如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個(gè)人干這活是不可能的。s+動(dòng)名詞。3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來(lái)引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)。s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the 。It is no good 。It is nice seeing you again．真高興又遇到了你。1）現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)judging from / by?, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)動(dòng)詞原形： Believe it or not(信不信由你)4)作連詞的分詞considering（考慮到，就?而言），providing / provided ?假如，supposing 假如 這些詞用來(lái)表示條件的連詞，后接that 從句。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，從而依附于主句。三、形式：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上有兩部分組成：第一部分有名詞或代詞擔(dān)任，第二部分由分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)擔(dān)任。表原因）Miss Wang e into the classroom, books in ，手里拿著書(shū)。（名詞＋副詞；表時(shí)間）Without a word more spoken, he picked up the ，他拾起那張紙。例：⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend.－→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this ，本周末我們最好休息一下。例：⑴ Looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long ，用了我很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。frankly speaking。⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest ，她一定很誠(chéng)實(shí)。to tell you the truth。例：⑴ To tell you the truth, what I said at the meeting was not my ，我在會(huì)上說(shuō)的并不是我的意見(jiàn)。（seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)he，注意是“主格”）= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a key to the bike lost, he had to walk to ，他只好步行去學(xué)校。His mother to e tonight，he is busy preparing the ,他正在忙著準(zhǔn)備飯菜。t afford any time.）The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the ，每人翻譯全書(shū)的四分之一。（= As he was very ill, he went home.）Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a ，他開(kāi)始看雜志。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句Because the boy led the way）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit ，他感到有點(diǎn)兒緊張。= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went ． 表示條件的ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”Time permitting, we will have a piic next ，我們下星期將進(jìn)行一次野炊。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）C．ed形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”與邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的ing形式一樣，如果ed形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致的話(huà)，就需要用ed形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the task pleted, he had two months39。The manager looks worried，many things to , 有這么多的事情要處理。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺(jué)的八、with、without 引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)介詞with/without +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過(guò)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。With his son so disappointing，the old man felt ,老人感到很不快樂(lè)。= The boy was walking and his father was ． with+名詞代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)He stood at the door, with a puter in his He stood at the door, puter in ，手里拿著一部電腦。= After the signal was given, the train wouldn’t dare go home without the job ，我不敢回家。= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the ． with+名詞代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to ，小男孩看上去很不開(kāi)心。（without不能省略）九、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)外，還能作定語(yǔ)。（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）All the guests seated, they began their ，他們才開(kāi)始吃飯。(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)3．表示條件Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next ，我們下星期將舉行每年一次的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)?！菊`】When class being over, the students left their classroom.【正】Class(being)over, the students left their ，學(xué)生都離開(kāi)了教室。（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them ，其中許多是兒童。= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut was walking along the road without any street lights on its both 。（不要改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be ，有些錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的。I prefer writing , the./ ,the ,/ out of ____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____exciting ./, theB./, an, the way to understand thousands of new words in gain _____good knowledge of basic word ./ cakes are ’d like have ______third one because _____second one is rather too , a ,the ,a bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in warmth of _____sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ___wool , the ,/C./, theD./,/ financial crisis has put the world economy in a difficult 40.—Paul has gone abroad to try his luck.—In my _______, his decision is not （共9頁(yè)） 41.—Jack Brown is very clever and he studies hard as well.—No ________ he es out first in the is well known, the brain performs a very important _______, which controls the nerve system of the managed to reach the summit of his career, but it was at the _________ of his 44.—She got her first science fiction published．It turned out to be _________.—when was that?—It Was in 2008__________ she was still in college．