【正文】 6a). The first digit is the main function code, which represents product geometry and dimensions, and symbolizes standardized structural units. The second digit is the subfunction code, which represents materials, and is widely used in bills of materials (BOM) for structural units. The third digit represents the characteristics of each structural unit, and includes the codes for products families and dimensions. Product identification plex code This code is designed for rapidly searching structural units which are mutually exchangeable during product development. This code integrates all structural units correlated with the manufacture of a specific container, and also reveals information on mold geometry and dimensions, and product characteristics, as shown in Fig. 6b. 4 Procedure for developing container products Based on the abovementioned modular design approach, a standard operation procedure for designing beveragecontainer injection molds can be generated. Thus, merely following the procedure can easily design molds for new products and identify interchangeable structural units which can help effectively manage and maintain products and molds. Figure 7 shows the standard operation procedure for designing beveragecontainer injection molds. The procedure prises nine steps and is illustrated as follows. Step 1. Confirmation of product specifications: In order to exactly describe the geometry, dimensional accuracy, and quality characteristics of products, this step defines the product with its geometrical characteristics, such as width, height, projection area, and weight. Step 2. Manufacturing facility analysis: Based on the information from Step 1, the most suitable injection molding machine is determined by checking specifications such as clamping force, shot volume, range of mold thickness, and daylight. Step 3. Modular design of injection molds: Through the division of mold function into several functional modules, the injection mold of a specific container can be rapidly and easily developed by module stacking. Modules to be designed include male mold module, female mold module, hotrunner module, and others. Step 4. Product and unit coding: Each structural unit is assigned a ponent code, which is then integrated with the product characteristics to yield a product plex identification code. Consequently, mutually exchangeable units are available in the product development stage. Furthermore, the code system simplifies mold maintenance and product management. Step 5. List of modular objects: According to the structural specifications from Step 3, all ponents of an injection mold are listed in BOM. For instance, the BOM of a cupshaped injection mold as an example is illustrated in Fig. 8. This step facilitates ease of handling during the subsequent quotation and production scheduling process. Step 6. Component drawing: Since dimensions of structural units are for semiproducts, the BOM information listed in Step 5 simply is the initial stage of mold design. Thereby, all structural units of an injection mold designed for customer requirement and specification have to be drawn in the format of engineering drawing for engineering purposes. Step 7. Structural unit manufacturing: Following the information of BOM and ponent drawing generated in Steps 5 and 6, respectively, this step enables the factory floor to further manufacture the injection mold. Step 8. Mold assembly and inspection: This step inspects each unit manufactured in Step 7 to assure mold quality. Based on the assembly drawing of a mold, the location of related modules and structural units is accurately assembled. For instance, Fig. 9 presents the assembly drawing of a coffeecup injection mold, which is used to confirm the relationship of each ponent. Step 9. Mold testing and mass production: After pleting the above eight steps, this final step is performed to test the mold on the injection molding machine and implement mass production. 5 Verification and discussion This study employs a cupshaped beverage container to experimentally assess the performance of the modular design approach. Since the specification of structural units enables preprocessing of the initial unit shape and only requires local preprocessing to obtain precise dimensions during mold development, the total mold development time will be significantly reduced. Table 1 lists mold development for a cupshaped container and reveals that the mold development time employing a modular design is some 36% less than with the conventional process. Whereas the standardization of ponent specifications enabling batch purchasing of materials which are bined with efficient manufacturing and design, can reduce total manufacturing costs. Table 2 lists mold development for a cupshaped container and reveals that mold manufacturing costs when employing a modular design are reduced by 19～23% pared with the conventional process. In addition, employing modular design has other advantages such as: 1. Increased diversity of customeroriented design: Modular design of bevera。 2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的 方式置于譯文之后。 實(shí)際的案例研究表明擬議的過程是各類產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組件設(shè)計(jì)，這可以大大減少工作時(shí)間和成本。 表 6． 結(jié)論 這項(xiàng)研究采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)理論和原則發(fā)展 飲料瓶 注塑模具。 ：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)功能模塊和結(jié)構(gòu)單元的功能代碼的使用能促進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)程序工程。此外，模塊化設(shè)計(jì)還有其它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如： ： 飲料瓶 的注塑模具的模塊化設(shè)計(jì)涉及劃分成五個(gè)主要功能模塊和 14 個(gè)子功能結(jié)構(gòu)單元模具。由于結(jié)構(gòu)單元的規(guī)范 性 使得單位的初始形狀只要適當(dāng)?shù)仡A(yù)處理即可獲得精確的尺寸，使模具開發(fā)的總時(shí)間大大減少?；谀＞哐b配圖，將 相關(guān)模塊和結(jié)構(gòu)單元準(zhǔn)確地 進(jìn)行定位和 組裝。 第 6 步 零件圖： 由于結(jié)構(gòu)單元的尺寸是半成品，在步驟 5 中列出的材料清單信息只是初級(jí)階段的模具設(shè)計(jì)。此外，代碼系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)化了模具的維護(hù)和產(chǎn)品管理。 第 3 步 注塑模具 的 模塊化設(shè)計(jì)： 根據(jù) 模具的功能劃分為幾個(gè)功能模塊，一個(gè)特定的容器注塑模具可以 通過模塊的組合 快速，方便地開發(fā) 出來 。因此，只是以下程序可以輕松地設(shè)計(jì)新產(chǎn)品模具和確定可互換的結(jié)構(gòu)單位，這可以有效地管理和維護(hù)產(chǎn)品和模具。第二位是子功能代碼，它體現(xiàn)材料，被 廣泛用于結(jié)構(gòu)單元 的 材料 清單 （ BOM）。推板 的作用是將塑件推出型芯或型腔，它沿著型芯直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。至于 注射模具的材料具有 高收縮材料， 應(yīng)選擇可以平滑的將零件和模具分離的推板 。 實(shí)際上， 基于 對(duì) 制造成本和冷卻 效率的綜合考慮， L 型 雙螺旋式 最被優(yōu)先使用 。圖 4 說明了一個(gè)具有