[經(jīng)濟學]發(fā)展經(jīng)濟學(3)-全文預覽
【正文】 ystate growth path, . that v would move to bring s/v into equality with the natural rate of growth (n). The resulting model has bee famously known as the SolowSwan or simply the Neoclassical growth model. 新古典增長理論的三個基本命題 ? 在長期穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，產(chǎn)出的增長來自于有效的勞動力增長率（即勞動力的增長率加上勞動生產(chǎn)率的增長率），與儲蓄率無關，更高的儲蓄或投資比率被更高的資本－產(chǎn)出比抵消。 I: total investment ?有保證的增長率：這樣一種增長率將引誘投資剛好等于計劃的儲蓄，保持資本完全被就業(yè)，從而制造商愿意在未來以過去相同的比例進行投資 The HarrodDomar Model IKYvsYS ??????() YvsY ??() wgvsYY???() HarrodDomar theory of economic growth ? The rate of growth of economic output I s determined jointly by the national saving ratio S and national capitaloutput ratio K ? The main obstacle on development is the relatively low level of new capital formation in most poor countries ? Justifying massive transfers of capital and technical assistance from developed to less developed nations ? Saving and investment is the necessary condition for economic growth but not the sufficient condition ? How about the ability of converting new capital effectively into high levels of output managerial petence。 S: saving ratio。 ? 斯密的報酬遞增觀點是新內(nèi)生經(jīng)濟增長理論的核心思想 古典悲觀主義 TP* TP O W subsistence wage line P E2 W2 W1 E1 N1 N2 Labor Total production Original condition: Labor: ON1 Production: OP Wage:N1W1 Surplus:E1W1 Demand for labor increase Wages increase to E1N1N1W1 According to Malthusian theory of population, population will increase to ON2。 機器的發(fā)明使同一個勞動者可以從事多種工作。Theories of Development: A Comparative Analysis Chapter 3 Leading Theories of Economic Development: Five Approaches ? Classical Scenario 古典經(jīng)濟增長理論 ? Linearstagesofgrowth model 線性增長模型 ? Neoclassical models 新古典增長模型 ? Endogenous growth 內(nèi)生經(jīng)濟增長模型 亞當 分工的細化節(jié)省了在不同工作間轉移的時間。 自由貿(mào)易對市場規(guī)模的擴大有著積極的意義。 自然增長率 gn ? 實際增長率 The HarrodDomar Model 增量資本產(chǎn)出比率儲蓄率 //)//()/(/I/ Δ/Δ K / ΔYcYSscsYIYSYYg????????)( 潛在投資供給）計劃儲蓄 sYS ?KI ?? 投資需求() () YvK ???() IS ? 動態(tài)均衡 () v: capitaloutput ratio。 K: capital stock。 institutional settings。 索羅模型 ? 1956年，開創(chuàng)性貢獻 《 對經(jīng)濟增長理論的一個貢獻 》 ? 1987年，索羅獲得諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學獎 ? 索羅模型的三個基本假定： 世界上每一個國家只生產(chǎn)和消費相同商品； 國家與國家之間不存在貿(mào)易關系； 技術
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