【正文】 喉區(qū) 單向或雙向三級(jí)式和大部分二級(jí)式編組站都 設(shè)有出發(fā)場(chǎng)。 反駝峰方向改編列車本務(wù)機(jī)走行線的布置應(yīng)視機(jī)務(wù)段位置而定。如三級(jí)三場(chǎng)峰前到達(dá)場(chǎng)，無(wú)改編列車的通過(guò)線應(yīng)設(shè)在到達(dá)場(chǎng)的最外側(cè)，鄰靠順向無(wú)改編列車到發(fā)線內(nèi)側(cè)布置順向改編列車接車線 2～ 3 組，鄰靠反向無(wú)改編列車到發(fā)線內(nèi)側(cè)布置反向改編列車接車線。 線路分組的多少與編組站圖形以及到達(dá)場(chǎng)銜接線路數(shù)等有關(guān)。為使順駝峰方向本務(wù)機(jī)入段能與其他作業(yè)平行進(jìn)行，應(yīng)設(shè)置峰下跨線橋。 到達(dá)場(chǎng)出口咽喉區(qū)辦理的作業(yè)主要有以下三項(xiàng)：①推送車列上峰解體和調(diào)車返回；②反駝峰方向列車到達(dá)；③順、反向到達(dá)列車本務(wù)機(jī)車入段。但是，如將引入吸納路分散接軌，將造成接軌站與編組站間通過(guò)能力緊張以及折角車流迂回走行距離長(zhǎng)等問(wèn)題。到達(dá)場(chǎng)咽喉區(qū)的分析要根據(jù)車場(chǎng)銜接方向數(shù)、各方向行車量、反駝峰方向到達(dá)改變列車的接車方式、機(jī)務(wù)段和通過(guò)車場(chǎng)的位置、駝峰作業(yè)采用雙推單溜還是雙推雙溜、是否設(shè)置峰下跨線 橋等條件確定，著重解決線路的合理分組、兩端咽喉區(qū)的平行進(jìn)路、機(jī)車走行線的數(shù)目和位置、調(diào)車停留線的布置等問(wèn)題。由于咽喉區(qū)的安全影響因數(shù)多種多樣，采集數(shù)據(jù)困難，不易做出定量分析評(píng)價(jià)，即使做出定量評(píng)價(jià)也缺乏一定的準(zhǔn)確性。首先要善于了解事故，才有可能吸取事故教訓(xùn)；其次要善于總結(jié)吸 收教訓(xùn)，事故的發(fā)生絕非偶然，在看似偶然的背后 卻 存在著必然的規(guī)律，從發(fā)生的事故中吸取教訓(xùn)，避免同類事故的再次發(fā)生，這是運(yùn)輸安全實(shí)現(xiàn)有序可控、基本穩(wěn)定目標(biāo)的重要途徑；然后要把握運(yùn)輸安全的發(fā)展 動(dòng)態(tài) ，通過(guò)昨天的事故剖析，不斷提出今天的防范措施，更要對(duì)明天的運(yùn)輸安全遇到的新問(wèn)題和面臨的新隱患 做出 一個(gè)科學(xué)的預(yù)測(cè)，以使我們的安全工作更具有超前性、前瞻性、預(yù)防性和基礎(chǔ)性。 如何對(duì) 行車 安全事故進(jìn)行分析， 如何從事故中吸取教訓(xùn)，如何從事故教訓(xùn)中找出防止措施，如何以 搞好咽喉區(qū)安全工作來(lái)減少行車事故的發(fā)生 ，這是當(dāng)前最應(yīng)該解決的問(wèn)題。但是我們清楚地看到，在全路改革不斷深化、發(fā)展不斷加快、市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈以及鐵路安全管理工作向規(guī)范化、科學(xué)化不斷邁進(jìn)的情況下，鐵路編組站咽喉區(qū)的安全情況并不穩(wěn)定， 這 直接影響了鐵路的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。 【關(guān)鍵詞】 鐵路運(yùn)輸；咽喉區(qū)；行車安全；事故分析 西南交通大學(xué)本科 畢業(yè) 論文 第 V 頁(yè) Abstract The safety is the theme of railway transportation, the basis of all the railway works, the prehensive express of railway work quality. Marshalling throat is often accidentprone areas. Its safety will influence directly the economical and social benefits of railways. The railway must enhance the safety base and do safeties work well as the railway reforms deeply and develops quickly. According to the important properties of Railway Accident, this thesis systematically analyzes various traffic accidents which took place in railway as the background. In the thesis, the railway traffic accidents of the conflict, separation from the track, smooth movement, slide, mistake operation of the train meeting and departing, the movement of the train will be analyzed systematically, applying the engineering theory of human machineenvironment and the model of the accident tree, the changing tree, the tree of successlose. This thesis puts forward to the forecast and scientific measures, reduces the occurrence of the railway traffic accident, and avoids drawing a lesson with the analysis of the accident occurrence reason and mutual contact of human, equipments environments which influence directly the railway traffic safety. The main work of the thesis as follows: 1. Raising a question and paring the domestic research with research abroad in the safety of throat area 2. Systematically analyzing the feature and application of all the throat area in marshalling 3. The railway traffic accidents of the conflict, separation from the track, 西南交通大學(xué)本科 畢業(yè) 論文 第 VI 頁(yè) smooth movement, slide, mistake operation of the train meeting and departing, the movement of the train will be analyzed systematically, applying the engineering theory of human machineenvironment and the model of the accident tree, the changing tree, the tree of successlose. Respectively pertinence ing up with the preventive measures 4. By right of bringing on the reason analysis of the railway traffic accident occurrence, this paper distinguishes from sum total four aspects respectively under mentioned to enhance the employee work control, to strengthen equipments quality, to carry out the standard management along with clinging to set up scientific safe check and supervision, supervisory, guarantee system so as to e true science and technology in accord with public security, in the end putting forward the concrete counter plan that bring to success the safety Production in an orderly way in Marshalling throat. Key words: Railway transportation, Throat, train safety, accidents analysis 西南交通大學(xué)本科 畢業(yè) 論文 第 VII 頁(yè) 目 錄 第一章 緒論 ........................................................................................................................... 1 研究背景 ........................................................................................................................ 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................................. 1 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容和方法 .......................................................................................... 2 第二章 編組站各車場(chǎng)咽喉區(qū)作業(yè)與技術(shù)分析 ........................................................................ 3 到達(dá)場(chǎng)咽喉區(qū) ................................................................................................................ 3 到達(dá)場(chǎng)咽喉區(qū)的主要作業(yè)內(nèi)容 ................................................................................ 3 線路分組 ................................................................................................................. 3 出發(fā)場(chǎng)咽喉區(qū) ................................................................................................................ 4 西南交通大學(xué)本科 畢業(yè) 論文 第 VIII頁(yè) 出發(fā)場(chǎng)咽喉區(qū)的主要作業(yè)內(nèi)容 ................................................................................ 5 線路分組 ................................................................................................................. 6 到發(fā)場(chǎng)咽喉區(qū) ................................................................................................................ 6 順向到發(fā)場(chǎng)（一級(jí)三場(chǎng)） ........................................................................................ 6 反向到發(fā)場(chǎng)（一級(jí)三場(chǎng)） ........................................................................................ 6 調(diào)車場(chǎng)尾部咽喉區(qū) ........................................................................................................ 7 不設(shè)順向編發(fā)線的調(diào)車場(chǎng)尾部 ................................................................................ 7 設(shè)有順向編發(fā)線的調(diào)車場(chǎng)尾部 ........................