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動物疫病風(fēng)險分析xxxx(文件)

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【正文】 ment demonstrates no significant risk, the risk assessment does not need to continue. Exposure assessment Exposure assessment consists of describing the biological pathway(s) necessary for exposure of animals and humans in the importing country to the hazards (in this case the pathogenic agents) released from a given risk source, and estimating the probability of the exposure(s) occurring, either qualitatively (in words) or quantitatively (as a numerical estimate). The probability of exposure to the identified hazards is estimated for specified exposure conditions with respect to amounts, timing, frequency, duration of exposure, routes of exposure (. ingestion, inhalation, or insect bite), and the number, species and other characteristics of the animal and human populations exposed. Examples of the kind of inputs that may be required in the exposure assessment are: Biological factors properties of the agent. Country factors presence of potential vectors human and animal demographics customs and cultural practices geographical and environmental characteristics. Commodity factors quantity of modity to be imported intended use of the imported animals or products disposal practices. If the exposure assessment demonstrates no significant risk, the risk assessment may conclude at this step. Consequence assessment Consequence assessment consists of describing the relationship between specified exposures to a biological agent and the consequences of those exposures. A causal process should exist by which exposures produce adverse health or environmental consequences, which may in turn lead to socioeconomic consequences. The consequence assessment describes the potential consequences of a given exposure and estimates the probability of them occurring. This estimate may be either qualitative (in words) or quantitative (a numerical estimate). Examples of consequences include: Direct consequences animal infection, disease and production losses public health consequences. Indirect consequences surveillance and control costs pensation costs potential trade losses adverse consequences to the environment. 第四章 風(fēng)險管理 第十九條 當(dāng)境外發(fā)生重大疫情和有毒有害物質(zhì)污染事件時,國家質(zhì)檢總局根據(jù)我國進(jìn)出境動植物檢疫法律法規(guī),并參照國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議,采取應(yīng)急措施,禁止從發(fā)生國家或者地區(qū)輸入相關(guān)動物、動物產(chǎn)品、動物遺傳物質(zhì)、動物源性飼料、生物制品和動物病理材料。 第十六條 發(fā)生評估應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮下列因素: (一)生物學(xué)因素,如易感動物、病原性質(zhì)等; (二)國家因素,如傳播媒介,人和動物數(shù)量,文化和習(xí)俗,地理、氣候和環(huán)境特征; (三)商品因素,如進(jìn)境商品種類、數(shù)量和用途,生產(chǎn)加工方式,廢棄物的處理。 第十三條 風(fēng)險評估采用定性、定量或者兩者相結(jié)合的分析方法。 第十條 經(jīng)確定進(jìn)境動物、動物產(chǎn)品、動物遺傳物質(zhì)、動物源性飼料、生物制品和動物病理材料不存在危害因素的,不再進(jìn)行風(fēng)險評估。 第六條 風(fēng)險分析過程應(yīng)當(dāng)包括危害因素確定、風(fēng)險評估、風(fēng)險管理和風(fēng)險交流。 第五條 當(dāng)有關(guān)國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議不能達(dá)到我國農(nóng)牧漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)、人體健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境的必要保護(hù)水平時,國家質(zhì)檢總局根據(jù)風(fēng)險分析的結(jié)果可采取高于國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則和建議的措施。 所以進(jìn)口地區(qū)最終承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險是所有風(fēng)險(或風(fēng)險要素)綜合,確定一個 “ 可接受的或適當(dāng)?shù)娘L(fēng)險保護(hù)水平 ” 非常重要。 “ 風(fēng)險分析 ” 是指危害因素確定、風(fēng)險評估、風(fēng)險管理和風(fēng)險交流的過程。 動物疫病風(fēng)險是指在特定條件和時期內(nèi)人們在進(jìn)行動物及動物產(chǎn)品交易過程中病蟲害傳入并造成危害(引起某一地區(qū)動物顯性或隱性病例數(shù)明顯超過平時一般水平)的可能性。 Fig. 1. The four ponents of risk analysis SPS協(xié)議全稱為 《 實施動植物衛(wèi)生檢疫措施的協(xié)議 》 第一、采取“必需的檢疫措施”的界定 命或健康的范圍; (國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則或建議)。 第二條 本規(guī)定所稱動物和動物產(chǎn)品風(fēng)險分析,包括對進(jìn)境動物、動物產(chǎn)品、動物遺傳物質(zhì)、動物源性飼料、生物制品和動物病理材料的風(fēng)險分析。 第七條 風(fēng)險分析應(yīng)當(dāng)形成書面報告。 第三章 風(fēng)險評估 第十一條 進(jìn)境動物、動物產(chǎn)品、動物遺傳物質(zhì)、動物源性飼料、生物制品和動物病理材料存在危害因素的,啟動風(fēng)險評估程序。 第十四條 風(fēng)險評估過程包括傳入評估、發(fā)生評估、后果評估和風(fēng)險預(yù)測。 發(fā)生評估證明危害因素在我國境內(nèi)不造成危害的,風(fēng)險評估結(jié)束。 第二十條 根據(jù)風(fēng)險評估的結(jié)果,確定與我國適當(dāng)保護(hù)水平相一致的風(fēng)險管理措施。 Principles of risk management Risk management is the process of deciding
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