【正文】 wing is true ? A. Peter felt very happy when Johnny lived with him. B. Peter didn’t like to live with a child like Johnny. C. Johnny was a bad boy. ［解題指導(dǎo)］短文提到了地震的危害（ Many houses were broken. ），而且，也估計(jì)到下一次地震的 危害更大（ The second earthquake would be worse than the first. ）。例如： 2021 年四川 “閱讀理解 ”短文題（ I）的故事性很強(qiáng)。首先，不妨觀察此文第一段： A shark is a large , fierce fish . What will you do if you meet a shark while you are swimming ? One man who knows all about sharks has given some rules to help you swim safely. 盡管此文談到鯊魚許多方面的生活習(xí)性，但是，其出發(fā)點(diǎn)是通過了解鯊魚的生活習(xí)性，告誡人們游泳時(shí) 如何保護(hù)自己。 4. 縱觀全文，概括大意。同時(shí)，英國人不常用中間那個(gè)名字（ People don’t often use their middle names very much. ）因此，一般叫作 “John Brown”。例如： 2021 四川省中考 “閱讀理解 ”題短文（ A）中有這樣兩段話： Most English people have three names : a first name , a middle name and the family name . For example , my full name is Jim Allan Green . Green is my family name . My parents gave me both of my other names. People don’t often use their middle names very much . So “John Henry Brown”is usually called “John Brown”. 該短文談到英國和美國人的姓氏規(guī)律。上文指出：老年人過街死于車禍?zhǔn)且驗(yàn)?“耳不聰，目不明 ” （ Old people are often killed because they usually can’t see or hear very well. ），那么，小 孩子過街死于車禍的原因是什么呢？當(dāng)然，不可能是 “小心謹(jǐn)慎 ”（ careful , take care），也不會(huì)是 “更小心謹(jǐn)慎 ”（ more careful），只可能是 careful的反義詞 “not careful”。這里的 “six o’clock”，合理的解釋無疑 是下午六點(diǎn)。原文中提到 “請(qǐng) 客吃飯 ”（ we invited some friends to dinner），但是，在早（ breakfast），午（ lunch），晚 （ supper）三餐中，卻未明確指出到底吃哪一個(gè)。有的 試題要求根據(jù)中學(xué)生必須具有的一般常識(shí)，對(duì)所讀的 短文進(jìn)行一定程度的推斷；有的試題還要求了解其內(nèi)在 的邏輯關(guān)系，從而對(duì)所讀的內(nèi)容形成更深入的理解。 18. Many top players from around the world earn big money playing in America’s NBA. 很多頂尖的運(yùn)動(dòng)員通過在美國 NBA中打球掙大錢。 13. He divided them into two teams of nine and taught them how to play his new game. 他把他們（ 18 人）分成 9 人的兩隊(duì)，然后教他們?nèi)绾巫鲞@個(gè)新游戲 divide into 是個(gè)詞組意為 “分成 ” If you divide 6 into 30 / divide 30 by 6 , the answer is 5. 以 6 除 30，答案為 5。 6. Millions of people play the sport for fun and exercise , but few people know how basketball started. （ 1） million 當(dāng)我們說一百萬、兩百萬、三百萬 … 時(shí)， million 不變復(fù)數(shù) one / a million ， 2 million 3 million 而說 “數(shù)以百萬計(jì) ”的， million 應(yīng)變復(fù)數(shù) millions of （ 2） few 幾 乎沒有 few+可數(shù)名詞 上百萬的人出于娛樂和鍛煉的目的打籃球，但很少有人知道籃球的起源 7. Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor. was invented by 是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，應(yīng)譯成被發(fā)明 其句式是主語＋ was / were ＋過去分詞＋ by 短語 8. his teacher challenged the class to invent a new game challenge （ 1） n. 名詞，挑戰(zhàn) It’s really a challenge for me. 這對(duì)我來說確實(shí)是個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。 （ 2） v. 動(dòng)詞＝ ask someone to do something different , challenge sb to a game of tennis. 要求某人參加網(wǎng)球比賽 She challenged the newspaper to prove its story. 她要求這家報(bào)紙證實(shí)報(bào)道的真實(shí)性 9. the teacher wanted a game that people could play indoors. （ 1） indoor 形容詞，在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行或放置的，適用于室內(nèi)的 indoor games , activities 室內(nèi)游戲、活動(dòng) （ 2） indoors 副詞，在室內(nèi)，往室內(nèi) go / stay indoors 進(jìn) /留在屋內(nèi) 10. But he wanted the game to be a noncontact sport because it would be played on hard wooden floors would be played 為過去將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài) 其構(gòu)成為 would + be + 過去分詞 11. If people touched , they could fall down and get hurt . 如果人們互相接觸的話，他們就會(huì)摔倒并且受傷。 The teacher divide the students into 2 parts. 老師把同學(xué)們分成兩部分 14. They played the first basketball game in history . in history 是個(gè)詞組，意為 “在歷史上 ” 15. The backboards behind the baskets were added to stop people in the balcony from trying to catch the ball （ 1） stop sb from doing 阻止某 人做某事 Can you stop the child from getting into mischief ? 你不能制止那個(gè)孩子惡作劇嗎？ What can stop us from going if we want to go ? 如果我們要去，什么能阻止我們不能成行呢？ （ 2） were added 為被動(dòng)語態(tài)， “被加進(jìn)去 ” 整句應(yīng)譯為：籃筐后面的籃板被加了進(jìn)來，以防止看臺(tái)上的觀眾接住球 16. Later , the baskets were replaced by . be replaced by 被 … 代替 后來，籃子被籃網(wǎng)代替了。 （ 1） top players 頂尖運(yùn)動(dòng)員，我們還可以說 top students. （ 2） playing … 為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表方式 課文結(jié)構(gòu)分析： 本篇文章共 6 段（ 6 paragraphs） 1 段和 2 段應(yīng)為一部分 The situation in China. 中國的情況 （ 1） Basketball is enjoyed by men and women , and by young and old. （ 2） Few people know how basketball started 3 段和 4 段應(yīng)為一部分 How was basketball invented. 籃球是怎樣被發(fā)明的。一般來說，這類問題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案， 必須根據(jù)原文提供的有關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行合理的推理和判斷才能回答。英語中 “dinner”的詞義是 main meal of the day . whether eaten at midday or in the evening 。因此，根據(jù)一般人 “一日三餐 ”的基本常識(shí)，他們請(qǐng)客吃飯的只能是晚飯，故正確答案為： C. have supper。因此， careless 的詞義是 not careful（粗心大意）便顯而易見。短文最后有如下一個(gè)問題： If your American friend’s name is Lucy Smith , _______. A. Lucy is her family name B. Smith is her family name C. Smith is her given name ［解題指導(dǎo)］ 由于國情不同，英美人的姓名與我們中國人的姓氏規(guī)律是不同的。當(dāng)然，其中的 “Brown”仍為 “姓 ” （ family name）。例如： 2021 年廣州中考 “閱讀理解 ”短文（ A）談到大海中的鯊魚，文后有這樣一道題： This passage is about ______. A. what a shark is B. the best place to swim in C. how to swim safely D. how to ride on sharks 解答這類題的關(guān)鍵在于找出主題句。比較該文前幾段的第一句： Don’t swim in waters where there are sharks. If you see a shark , swim slowly for the shore. If Mr. Shark es too close , put your head under water.