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商務(wù)合同的翻譯-wenkub

2024-11-03 23 本頁面
 

【正文】 ween natural persons, legal persons or other organizations。,3,第一節(jié) 商務(wù)(shāngw249。ir243。ng)的翻譯 第五節(jié) 商務(wù)合同的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn),第一頁,共九十五頁。)合同的根底知識(shí),一、概念(g224。,第三頁,共九十五頁。,第四頁,共九十五頁。通常所謂的“文體〔style〕〞是指人們運(yùn)用語言時(shí),總是根據(jù)一定的交際內(nèi)容、交際目的和交際場(chǎng)合,來選取一定的表達(dá)形式,即所謂的語言風(fēng)格;這種風(fēng)格,既要適應(yīng)交際對(duì)象,又受到特定語言環(huán)境的制約。,6,第一節(jié) 商務(wù)合同(h233。,7,第一節(jié) 商務(wù)合同的根底(gēndǐ)知識(shí),二、分類與構(gòu)造(2) 按照格式的繁簡(jiǎn)程度的不同,國際商務(wù)合同可以采取正式合同〔Contract〕、協(xié)議書〔Agreement〕、確認(rèn)書〔Confirmation〕、備忘錄〔Memorandum〕、定單〔Order〕等書面形式。,第七頁,共九十五頁。 〔四〕結(jié)尾條款〔WITNESS Clause〕:A. 結(jié)尾語;B. 簽名〔Signature〕;C. 蓋印〔Seal〕。 [3]所謂“特殊條款〞,是指只有在某些特定性質(zhì)的合約中才會(huì)出現(xiàn)的條款,例如合資契約中通常會(huì)約定當(dāng)事人合資成立的公司由誰來管理,董事與監(jiān)察人由誰來擔(dān)任等等問題,但是抵押契約就不會(huì)有這些約定。o)詞匯、專有名詞和術(shù)語加以解釋和說明,以確定其含義。ng);結(jié)合1999年中國?合同法?第12條的規(guī)定,合同的主要內(nèi)容一般包含以下條款: A.Titles or names of the parties and the domiciles thereof; B.Date and place of signature of the contract〕; C.Type of the contract and the kind, scope of the subject matter of the contract; D.Technical conditions, quality, standard, specifications and quantities of the subject matter of the contract; E.Time limit, place and method of performance; F.Terms of price, amount and way of payment and various additional charges; G.Whether the contract could be assigned or conditions for assignment; H.Compensation and other liabilities for breach of the contract; I.Ways of settlement of disputes in case of disputes arising from the contract; J.Languages to be used in the contract and their effectiveness。)特點(diǎn) 及翻譯要點(diǎn),商務(wù)合同屬于莊重文體,用詞極其講究,具有特定性和嚴(yán)肅的風(fēng)格。,12,第二節(jié) 合同英語的詞匯特點(diǎn) 及翻譯(fāny236。比方: 1〕The premium rates vary with differed interests insured. 2〕If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller overdue interest on such unpaid amount from the due date until the actual date of payment at the rate of five percent per annum, such overdue interest shall be paid upon demand of the seller. 3〕The articles of our immediate interest are your “CHONHOI〞 brand Agricultural Washing Machines.,第十二頁,共九十五頁。 m224。,第十三頁,共九十五頁。這些專業(yè)或法律術(shù)語的語義相對(duì)固定單一,通常無法用其他詞語代替,任何人在任何情況(q237。例如:,第十四頁,共九十五頁。) 在以上三句中,acceptance、clean、to the order of、confirmed和documentary的翻譯均未能完全真實(shí)表示合同意思,這些詞的中文完好意思分別是“驗(yàn)收(y224。,16,第二節(jié) 合同英語的詞匯特點(diǎn)(t232。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單(jiǎndān)的理解方法是:here代表this,there代表that,where代表what/which。,除了語法分析法之外,還可以運(yùn)用奈達(dá)的動(dòng)態(tài)等值理論,將前后語篇綜合起來考慮,并尋求適宜的、最對(duì)等的詞意,用舊體詞來保持商務(wù)合同的莊重、嚴(yán)肅的文體風(fēng)格,比方: 8) The undersigned hereby certify that the goods to be supplied are made in USA.〔以下簽署人茲保證所供給之貨物系在美國國內(nèi)制造。此句中的“thereof〞相當(dāng)于“of that〞,然而,奈達(dá)的動(dòng)態(tài)等值理論的原那么是用最適宜的對(duì)等詞來表達(dá)源出語的意義,所以“that〞可以用“the said contract〞來代替。hu236。 b. Shall:在合同中并不是單純的將來時(shí),一般(yībān)用它來表示法律上可以強(qiáng)迫執(zhí)行的義務(wù)〔Obligation〕。,19,10) The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations. Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People39。出現(xiàn)爭(zhēng)議后應(yīng)領(lǐng)先行協(xié)商,所以采用了義務(wù)性“約定〞〔shall〕,假設(shè)協(xié)商解決不了,作為當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利,那么用選擇性“約定〞〔may〕。ng)和價(jià)格必須使進(jìn)出口雙方都能承受。,21,c. Should:在合同中通常只用來表示語氣較弱的假設(shè),多翻譯成“萬一〞或“假設(shè)〞,極少譯成“應(yīng)該(yīnggāi)〞。ng),但語氣和強(qiáng)迫力比Shall弱。diǎn) 及翻譯要點(diǎn),二、用詞正式、準(zhǔn)確〔formal and accurate〕 具有法律效力的商務(wù)合同用詞都很正式、標(biāo)準(zhǔn),防止(f225。假設(shè)句中接連出現(xiàn)這類詞語,其風(fēng)格自然顯得鄭重、嚴(yán)肅具有濃重的正式文體色彩。,24,第二節(jié) 合同英語的詞匯特點(diǎn) 及翻譯(fāny236。〕 本句中用with regard to,in the event of和prior to分別代替about,in case of和before?!?本句中的unless otherwise比if not和 otherwise表達(dá)正式。z233。,27,第二節(jié) 合同英語的詞匯特點(diǎn) 及翻譯(fāny236。比方,terms在合同中一般指付款或費(fèi)用〔手續(xù)費(fèi)、傭金等有關(guān)金錢的〕條件,而conditions那么指其它條件,但是“terms and conditions〞常常作為固定形式在合同中出現(xiàn),就不宜分譯成“條件和條款〞,而直接合譯成“條款〞。,29,對(duì)于合同中出現(xiàn)的同義詞、近義詞、相關(guān)詞的并列現(xiàn)象,翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)仔細(xì)考慮單詞的內(nèi)涵、合同文體以及句法要求等相關(guān)因素。u)與原文讀者的理解與感受(gǎnsh242。,第二十九頁,共九十五頁。,第三十頁,共九十五頁。雖然商務(wù)合同英文中的句法特點(diǎn)有很多,比方多用陳述句、多用如今時(shí)、多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)、多用名詞性構(gòu)造等等,但本節(jié)結(jié)合翻譯難點(diǎn),重點(diǎn)討論長句,尤其是條件從句的特點(diǎn)和翻譯方法。分析合同長句的根本方法是:首先,要找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語,即句子的主干構(gòu)造;其次,要找出句子中所有的謂語構(gòu)造、非謂語構(gòu)造、介詞短語和從句的引導(dǎo)詞,然后再分析從句和短句的功能,即:是否是主語從句、賓語從句、表語(biǎoyǔ)從句或狀語從句等,以及詞、短語和從句之間的關(guān)系。修飾謂語動(dòng)詞的狀語有三個(gè),分別表示時(shí)間〔within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination〕、方式〔being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor〕和原因〔for shortweight〕。,34,21〕If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach. 本句的主干是it shall indemnify and keep indemnified. against. the other Party and the company。That引導(dǎo)的那么是后置定語修飾緊鄰的五個(gè)名詞。y237。按照漢語(H224。,37,第三節(jié) 合同英語的句法(j249。比方:,第三十七頁,共九十五頁?!?第三十八頁,共九十五頁。假設(shè)屬雙方過失,那么根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,由雙方分別承擔(dān)各自應(yīng)負(fù)的違約責(zé)任。)國際商會(huì)制定的?2000年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通那么?〔INCOTERMS 2000〕辦理。xiē)引導(dǎo)條件句的連詞或短語時(shí),可按動(dòng)態(tài)等值理論視詳細(xì)情況而定,切勿生搬硬套。)合同,國際商務(wù)合同種類繁多,標(biāo)的各異,但就其構(gòu)造而言,一般由三個(gè)局部組成: 前言、正文(zh232。,43,Preamble of a Contract合同(h233。,第四十三頁,共九十五頁。n)買賣以下貨物:,第四十五頁,共九十五頁。 Country of Corporation:People39。結(jié)尾條款主要應(yīng)明確的內(nèi)容有:合同使用的文字及其效力(languages in which the contract is to be written and its validity)。,第四十八頁,共九十五頁。wěi)局部還應(yīng)明確規(guī)定:合同在雙方受權(quán)代表簽字后正式生效。假設(shè)(jiǎsh232。 4.本合同將在雙方受權(quán)代表簽字后正式生效。ir243。ng)主要由兩組條款組成,分別寫在合同的開始和結(jié)尾. 第一組條款寫在合同的開始,在構(gòu)造上稱“前言條款〞(Preface Clause),其主要內(nèi)容為:,第五十二頁,共九十五頁。ngchēng)及法定地址:合同各方的名稱(m237。nɡ yuē)日期和地點(diǎn)是關(guān)系到合同發(fā)生糾紛時(shí)適用法律的問題,必須寫明; (4)合同雙方法律關(guān)系,主要是在明確了當(dāng)事人全稱后,指明誰是買方誰是賣方,或出讓方、受讓方,貸款人或借款人等等; (5)同意訂約的詞句,如“雙方同意按下述條款買賣以下貨物〞(Both parties agree to buy and sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as below)。,58,第二組條款寫在合同的結(jié)尾局部,在構(gòu)造上稱“結(jié)尾條款〞(concluding clauses),其主要內(nèi)容為:合同使用的文字,合同的份數(shù),各種文本的效力,合同的生效時(shí)間(sh237。,59,This Contract is made out in duplicate in Chinese and In English Language,one Chinese original copy and one English original copy for each Party,both texts being equally authentic.This contract shall come into force from the date it is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties.The annexes as listed in Article 10 shall form an integral part to this Contract. Any amendment and/or supplement to this contract will be valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written documents.forming integral parts of the Contract.,第五十九頁,共九十五頁。 對(duì)本合同的任何修改(xiūgǎi)和餓補(bǔ)充,只有在雙方受權(quán)代表在書面簽字前方為有效,并成為本合同不可分割的組成局部。)與鑒于條款,Definition Clauses定義條款 為了防止對(duì)涉外合同中使用的某些重要的名詞、概念的理解發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議,使雙方對(duì)合同中使用的重要名詞有統(tǒng)一的認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)合同中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的有特殊意義的且容易引起爭(zhēng)議的名詞概念作專門的解釋,是非常必要
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