【正文】 學(xué) 院 專 業(yè) 英 語 指導(dǎo)教師 趙 文 超 2021 年 5 月 20 日 ABSTRACT Thomas Hardy was a famous critical realistic writer at the turn of the 19th century in England。 environment。除此之外 ,這與她自身性格的弱點(diǎn)也是分不開的，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)命運(yùn)有著反抗的一面也有妥協(xié)的一面。然后， 本文對(duì)國內(nèi)外 有關(guān)《德伯家的苔絲》中的研究進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要論述 。本文的目的在于使讀者加深對(duì)本篇小說及其主題的理解。 He is famous for novels of character and Environment. His birthplace was in a country which named Egdon in the Westland。 His literature career began with poetry, but due to not have the good fortune to publish, changed the matter for novel creation. His first long novel was published in 1871, the celebrated work was his fourth novel Farm from Madding Crowd in 1874, from then on, and he dropped construction industry and devoted to the novel creation There were early 20 long novels in Hardy’s life, the most famous novels are Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891), Jude the Obscure (1895), The Mayor of Cascetbridge (1901). Hardy’s works reflected the changed of social economy, political, moral and tradition when the hypocritical bourgeoisie invaded the countries in England, especially exposed women’s tragic life and hypocrisy of bourgeoisie morals, legal and religious。Urbervilles, reflects his disappointing views of urbanism through his protagonist, Tess. He characterizes Tess as a daughter of nature who endures the brutality of industrialism through the people and circumstances in her life. Using specific language, character depiction, and story development, Hardy provides a strong argument against the urban movement by showing the reader its harsh effects on the agrarian lifestyle. The overpowering and eventual destruction of Tess parallels the industrial movement39。 Female beauty not only regarded as the Troubles but also bee an excuse for men to shirk their crime； The male requests feminine to be loyal and the bodily pure and chaste, actually disregards own indulging. But in under male power suppression, feminine thought pattern also was controlled solidly by this kind of strong trend. In this novel, Hardy describes how Tess was killed by the times she lived in clearly. Tess’s first miserable experience is a hatching which holds her whole life. “Once you are to be a victim, you will always be victim.” This is a rule. Clare is the symbol of the morality and convention. When he knew Tess is not a virtue, he abandoned her so cruelly, no matter how Tess begs for his pardon. He said: “she was another woman than the one who had excited his desire.” Even if he still loves her, he can’t accept the truth, so he leaves her for Brazail. When he faced Tess’s imploration, he thinks that “different societies, different manners.” When he looked upon Tess as a pure girl, he loved her very much. “Nothing so pure, so sweet, so beautiful as Tess had seemed possible all the long while that he had adored her. But the little less, and what world’s away!” (Thomas Hardy 297) An important reason is that the viewpoint of the convention and moral are unbreakable from his mind. It seemed that Alec was the prime culprit of Tess, but in fact, it was Clare who killed Tees more cruelly. Also,” Both Moral rule and ethic take an important part in Tess’s tragedy. Alec represented the social violence and national machines which ruined Tess’s body. But Clare represented social ethic and moral rule ruined her soul.”(李有華 2021) Religion is reactionary force that kills Tess. When her child died in fancy, she went to ask pastor a funeral of Christianity. When she was refused, she said: “Then I didn’t like you,” she burst out, “and I will never e to your church no more!” Tess is a victim of moral of social ethic. Clare is a representative of hypocritical religion. Though he is an open minded man, the ethic and moral rules are deeprooted in his mind. So Tess’s tragedy is caused by many of society. The family environment At the beginning of the novel, Tess was a daughter of poverty descent which had once magnificent .She was a dairymaid, who lived in the country, as a daisy on the village roadside, beautiful but humble, and being with her family was broken up and decimated sixty years ago before the story began. And as the writer express emotion, “Norman39。 she silently endured the unfair in the life. Although life gave her only attack and disaster， she all can tenaciously endure and undertake and never set the excessive request to the life. The second time Tess meet Alec just her lives in the most difficult time. Faced every enticement of Alec, she basic remains unmoved, Tess was not willing to promise. However, the disaster arrived, Tess’s father died and her family was expelled the village. Tess entrusted the body once again to Alec in order to get her mother and little brothers and sisters a place to live， but antimakes in light of this had not ended, submits is only temporary. In the end, when Clare finally came to tell her that he had fiven her and he still loved her. Tess was bitterly unhappy. She now hated Alec because once again he had been the cause of her husband’s repudiation of her. Feeling that she played a most inglorious part and she would be happy if Alec was dead, in addition, Alec said many bad words to satirize her. she used a knife killed Alec。 she misses her happiness for her kindness and pureheartedness and bees a deserted wife. Even more, her insistence of the tr