【正文】 stiny. In every period of her life, there are accidental factors pushing her into a tragedy end. Liu Kun, Bai Huijie (2021)in “Pursuing Harmony from the Impact between Nature 4 and Civilization “pointed out that English writer Thomas Hardy cherished the tradition, loved nature and emphasized the relationship between man and nature. Facing the invasion of capitalist civilization, he showed the great concern and worry, and criticized it s harmful influences on man and nature. Hu Yan (2021) in the work “An Analysis of Fatalism and Tragedy in Tess of d’Urbervilles” mentioned that Hardy was influenced by Darwinism, Spencer?s philosophy and Huxley?s agnosticism, which turned him into doubtful person. Yang Chunhui (2021) in “An Analysis on the Theme of Destiny from Thomas Hardy” mentioned that Thomas Hardy is a typical fatalist, the pessimism view in his novel being obvious. Shi Xiaohong (2021) in “An Analysis of Fatalism and Tragedy of Hardy?s Novel” said Hardy?s status as a novelist in English literary history is unique. He described the Britain countryside experiencing great changes in economy, polities, and morality customs and so on, and infiltrating from capitalism factors, from the universe, the eternal life, the contradictory relationship of system to explore the causes of these changes, Hardy?s work is filled with criticism consciousness, fatalism and tragedy. 3. Hardy’s Fatalism view Thomas Hardy occupied a very important position in the British literary history. His novels finished in Victorian Era, but the theme of novels is far beyond that age. His main novels have broken the traditional novel on the bondage of characters and plots, and from geic and environmental observation and understanding human beings. This is typical of naturalistic style of writing, which filled with a pessimistic feeling. Facing the nature and society, human beings are often under control. They just like the animal that lived in the forest, when it?s sunny, they can enjoy themselves, once the storm ing, and they all feel panic. As a result, surrender person can survive. However, courageously resist were only suffer more big failure. This kind of writing style is continued in modernism even postmodernism creation. Hardy?s naturalistic creation, not only shows the British literature which separated from the Victorian Era, but also the more means to modern socialist. Hardy’s fatalism originated in social background Thomas Hardy lived in the Victorian Era. The Victorian Era has experienced great changes in every field, which is also believed to be the most prosperous British history, 5 during which the British industrial revolution reached its top. British are moving towards “machine era”. By this time, however, social problems are also serious。 there is a super natural force that suppresses the human being. He gives this force the first set of destiny, and his work is famous for embodied pessimist fatalism. Chinese and foreign scholars all think that he is a pessimist fatalist. Overseas Research Status Virginia Woolf (1982) in her “Thomas Hardy?s novels” mentioned that Hardy had proved ha was a nuanced nature observer。第一部分，分析苔絲悲劇的社會(huì)背景。一是其命運(yùn)觀念的來(lái)源，從哈代生活的社會(huì) 、教育、文化背景以及當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)主要思潮 — 達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論，斯賓塞得不可知論來(lái)敘述哈代宿命論思想體系的形成原因和特點(diǎn)。哈代的創(chuàng)作描寫世紀(jì)之交英國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、道德、風(fēng)俗等方面的劇烈變化。 the weaknesses in Tess personality were discussed. Key words: fatalism。 本聲明的法律責(zé)任由本人承擔(dān)。 分類號(hào) 密 級(jí) 編 號(hào) 本科生畢業(yè)論文 題 目 試析《德伯家的苔絲》中的宿命論主題 學(xué) 院 外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 英 語(yǔ) 姓 名 路 琪 班 級(jí) 2021 級(jí) 5 班 學(xué) 號(hào) 274010513 指導(dǎo)教師 楊智慧 提交日期 The Theme of Fatalism Revealed in Tess of d’Urbervilles Lu Qi A thesis submitted to the School of Foreign Languages and Literature Tianshui Normal University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS in ENGLISH LANGUAGE Tianshui, Gansu May, 2021 原創(chuàng)性聲明 本人鄭重聲明：本人所呈交的論文是在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的成果。 論文作者簽名： 年 月 日 論文指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 目 錄 一、 論文正文 ……………………………………………… .. 114 二、 附錄 1． 畢業(yè)論文成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定表 2． 答辯小組意見 3． 答 辯成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)分 表 4． 論文指導(dǎo)記 錄 5． 開題報(bào)告 i CONTENTS I. Introduction ..................................................................................................1 II Literature Review……………………………………… ……………… ..2 Overseas Research Status……………………………………………….... 2 Domestic Research Status……………………………………… ...............3 III. Hardy’s Fatalism view………………………………………… ……… 4 ?s fatalism originated in social background………………………… .4 ?s fatalism originated in educational background…………………… 4 ?s life experience……………………………………………… ..5 Darwinism and Spencer?s philosophy ………………………………… 5 IV. The Theme of Fatalism in Tess of d’Urbervilles……………… .......6 theme of fatalism revealed in social settings of the story …………… ...6 Customary Morality………………………………………………… ..6 Religious Ethics…………………………………………………… ....7 theme of fatalism revealed in accidents and coincidences。 tragedy。從資本主義因素入手，從宇宙生命，制度的永恒關(guān)系來(lái)探求這種變化的成因。我哈代小說(shuō)的寫作目的并不是悲觀主義的宣泄，而是“為了生存而戰(zhàn)”的吶喊。第二部分，通過《苔絲》中的事件與巧合，預(yù)兆與自然環(huán)境等詳細(xì)論述苔絲悲劇的宿命主義觀點(diǎn)。 she thinks he can distinguish differences between a little falls on roots or farmland…He owns views of sympathy or ridicule or stand undisturbed to human destiny. The former Soviet Union?s Literary Historian O Knicks (1959) in his work “The Hardy Rulers” also thinks that Hardy?s fate was mand