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能。 ?管理學可以教導那些沒有在權力崗位上的人如何領導合作者。 高效率 /低效果 管理者目標選擇不當,但利用資源充分有效。 結果:滿足顧客要求。 16 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。 ?效率: 是衡量一定目標下,資源被利用情況和產出能力的尺度。 ? 麥當勞餐廳向顧客提供他們需要的漢堡、炸馬鈴薯條和奶酪。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 Achieving High Performance ? Organizations must provide a good or service desired by its customers. ? David Johnson of Campbell Soup manages his firm to provide quality food products. ? Physicians, nurses and health care administrators seek to provide healing from sickness. ? McDonald’s restaurants provide burgers, fries and shakes that people want to buy. 15 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 Additional Key Concepts ? Resources are anizational assets and include: ? People, ? Machinery, ? Raw materials, ? Information, skills, ? Financial capital. ? Managers are the people responsible for supervising the use of an anization’s resources to meet its goals. 14 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 管 理 學 的 基 本 概 念 ? 組織: 是指在一起工作,通過協(xié)調其各自行動來達到特定目標的人群集合體。 ④張瑞敏當年怒砸 76臺不合格冰箱,二十年后,海爾由一個小電冰箱廠發(fā)展為著名的跨國公司。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 Managers and Managing 1 12 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。Irwin/McGrawHill 169。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 管理者 與 管理 1 12 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。 ⑤ 1994年新加坡的國際競爭力躍居世界第二,源于新加坡政府對經(jīng)濟的高超的管理。 ? 目標: 是指一個組織在未來力圖達到的結果。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 補 充 基 本 概 念 ?資源是指組織的資產,包括: ? 人, ? 機器, ? 天然原料, ? 信息、技術, ? 財政資金。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 管理者的目標 實 現(xiàn) 卓 越 績 效 ? 組織必須提供消費者所需要的產品或服務。 15 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。 ?通常,管理者必須試圖用最小化的資源來獲得高效的成果。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 低效率 /高效果 管理者目標選擇正確,不善于利用資源以實現(xiàn)組織目標。物美價廉。 結果:高質量的產品,但顧客不需要。 ?學好管理學,掌握良好的管理技能可以使個人獲得高新職位,更容易讓自已得到升遷。 ?法約爾提出處于各個級別和部門的管理者,無論大組織或者小組織,無論是盈利性還是非盈利性組織,都必須履行這四種職能: 1. 計劃 2. 組織 3. 領導 4. 控制 17 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 計 劃 計劃是管理者用以識別和選擇恰當?shù)哪繕伺c行動方案的過程。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 Organizing ?In anizing, managers create the structure of working relationships between anizational members that best allows them to work together and achieve goals. ?Managers will group people into departments according to the tasks performed. ? Managers will also lay out lines of authority and responsibility for members. ?An anizational structure is the oute of anizing. This structure coordinates and motivates employees so that they work together to achieve goals. 110 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。 ?組織結構是組織活動的結果。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 領 導 ?在領導過程中,管理者確定方向,向員工描述一個明確的目標,并幫助員工了解他們在實現(xiàn)目標過程中扮演的角色。The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 2023 Controlling ?In controlling, managers evaluate how well the anization is achieving its goals and takes corrective action to improve performance. ?Managers will monitor individuals, departments, and the anization to determine if desired performance has been reached. ?Managers will also take action to increase performance as required. ?The oute of the controlling function is the accurate measurement of performance and regulation of efficiency and effectiveness. 112 Irwin/McGrawHill 169。 ?控制作用的結果是準確評估業(yè)績、確保實際活動與規(guī)劃活動相一致。 中層管理者 : 監(jiān)督基層管理者的工作,貫徹執(zhí)行高層的指示精神和大政方針。The McGrawHill Compani