【正文】 下表面和膝蓋的后面, 在這個(gè)部位上，任何持續(xù)的壓力都會(huì)給人造成極端的不舒適和腫脹感覺。座墊表面的各個(gè)邊緣應(yīng)當(dāng)稍稍向上傾斜，以便阻止臀部向邊緣滑動(dòng)而使操作者能夠坐穩(wěn)。概括起來，舒適的坐態(tài)生理，應(yīng)保證腰曲弧形處于正常自然狀態(tài)，腰背肌肉處于松弛狀態(tài)，從上體通向大腿的血管不受壓迫，保持血液正常循環(huán)。 （如圖 所示）本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）7 圖 舒適坐姿的關(guān)節(jié)角度 10176。；80176。；100176。工作座椅是供坐姿工作人員使用的一種由支架、腰靠、座面等構(gòu)件組成的坐具。 c. 人體腰椎下部(第 4 ～ 5 節(jié)腰椎之間)應(yīng)有適當(dāng)?shù)难恐С?。?duì)工作座椅設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求: , 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）8應(yīng)能使操作者在工作過程中保持身體舒適、穩(wěn)定并能進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的控制和操作。工作座椅腰靠高度的調(diào)節(jié)方式為 165 ～ 210 mm 間的無級(jí)調(diào)節(jié)。 。 、阻燃、無毒。） 05腰靠?jī)A角（176。鋼質(zhì)沖壓骨架有更大的功能配置靈活性，很多附加的功能能夠被直接加在骨架上。在前撞、側(cè)撞尤其是后撞情況下，靠背骨架在撞擊能量處理方面起到關(guān)鍵的乘員保護(hù)作用。主要尺寸（如圖 所示） 。每個(gè)等距分布 10 個(gè)均為 2020mm 的小方孔，鎖止機(jī)構(gòu)每次均占用 1 個(gè)小方孔， 則最大調(diào)節(jié)距離為（101）40=360mm。圖 高度調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)其中，連接桿 2 與調(diào)整螺桿連接部分為光滑通孔，與調(diào)整螺桿無螺紋一端相接合，在調(diào)整螺桿有螺紋部分與連接桿 1 的接觸處，將連接桿件固定在調(diào)整螺桿有螺紋處和無螺紋處的中間，限制其沿調(diào)整螺桿軸向的自由度。 222 ??????????hmm639。在整個(gè)調(diào)整過程中，通過連動(dòng)桿的連接，座椅兩側(cè)的角度調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)同步對(duì)靠背角度進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。圖 小型客車座椅骨架結(jié)構(gòu)總成本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）16第 4 章 座椅骨架靜強(qiáng)度分析 汽車座椅靜強(qiáng)度法規(guī)汽車作為現(xiàn)代人類社會(huì)的交通工具，在給人們帶來便利和好處的同時(shí)，也給人類社會(huì)帶來了災(zāi)難，那就是交通事故。對(duì)于可調(diào)式座椅，調(diào)節(jié)裝置在試驗(yàn)中應(yīng)能使座椅保持原調(diào)節(jié)位置，在試驗(yàn)后允許失去調(diào)節(jié)功能。其加載示意圖如 所示。用臺(tái)車進(jìn)行座椅動(dòng)態(tài)碰撞模擬試驗(yàn)時(shí)，其測(cè)量方法、分析方法及精度等都存在很多困難，并且需要投人許多資金用于購置試驗(yàn)儀器和設(shè)備。 有限元算法在汽車座椅安全性研究中的應(yīng)用有限元法的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)是變分原理和近似分割原理，在有限元法中，實(shí)際物體或連續(xù)介質(zhì)，都用一種簡(jiǎn)單的物理模型——由有限個(gè)單元通過有限個(gè)點(diǎn)（稱之為節(jié)點(diǎn)或結(jié)點(diǎn)）相互聯(lián)接而形成的組和體來表示。座椅安全性設(shè)計(jì)的研究手段有很多。對(duì)于駕駛員座椅，由于裝有各種調(diào)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是非對(duì)稱的；同時(shí)，汽車在行駛過程中，座椅上承受著復(fù)雜的載荷，結(jié)構(gòu)的各個(gè)桿件既受彎曲又受扭轉(zhuǎn)。隨著座椅結(jié)構(gòu)形式的不斷變化，單純用梁?jiǎn)卧巡蛔阋跃_地描述座椅骨架的結(jié)構(gòu)，于是，設(shè)計(jì)人員越來越多地使用了其他的單元形式建模，如空間板殼單元、實(shí)體單元等。于是，人們轉(zhuǎn)向另外一條研究座椅安全性的途徑模擬計(jì)算方法，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)模擬計(jì)算的應(yīng)用和發(fā)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）19展，它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)逐漸展現(xiàn)出來。本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）20 對(duì)座椅底座骨架進(jìn)行靜強(qiáng)度分析 建立底座骨架模型并指定材料1).建立底座骨架模型通過 CATIA 軟件機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中的零件設(shè)計(jì)和裝配模塊，組建座椅底座骨架的簡(jiǎn)易模型。本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）21圖 加載底座材料 進(jìn)入 CATIA 工程分析模塊并劃分網(wǎng)格1).進(jìn)入 CATIA 工程分析模塊選擇菜單 Analysis amp。進(jìn)入 GPS（創(chuàng)成式零件結(jié)構(gòu)分析 Generative Part Structural Analysis）平臺(tái)后，CATIA 就已經(jīng)自動(dòng)定義了網(wǎng)格和屬性，且數(shù)量和集合體尺寸對(duì)應(yīng)。因此，需要在座椅底座骨架兩側(cè)板的下端邊緣對(duì)座椅底座骨架施加夾緊約束，該約束施加于形體表面或邊界，使其上的所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置固定不變（三個(gè)平移自由度全部約束） 。如圖 所示。本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）23圖4 圖 顯示劃分的網(wǎng)格2).米塞斯等效應(yīng)力云圖用于評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)力分布情況，從下到上，表示應(yīng)力逐漸變大。 結(jié)果分析通過對(duì)小型客車座椅有限元模型的靜力分析，在以下方面對(duì)其結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析：1).底座結(jié)構(gòu)形式上，在除底座外其他座椅骨架部件均滿足相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法規(guī)的理想前提下，采用兩側(cè)板和中間板的沖壓結(jié)構(gòu)，側(cè)板和中板沖壓厚度為 10mm，滿足國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)法規(guī)對(duì)靠背強(qiáng)度的要求。在生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)已確定為大批生產(chǎn)的條件下，可以考慮采用萬能性機(jī)床配以專用夾具，并盡量使工序集中來提高生產(chǎn)率。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中還學(xué)習(xí)了三維繪圖軟件，利用三維繪圖軟件進(jìn)行骨架結(jié)構(gòu)和各個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。但一些細(xì)節(jié)方面做的還不夠完美，懇請(qǐng)各位老師同學(xué)給予批評(píng)指正。我的設(shè)計(jì)較為復(fù)雜煩瑣，但是王老師仍然細(xì)心地糾正圖紙中的錯(cuò)誤。m1=245。w=2.*pi.*x。g=。)。hold onx=::10。x0=。a=((1w./w0).^2).*(1+91./u.*(w./w0).^21).^2+4.*b.*b.*(w./w0).^2.*(9(1./u+1).*(w./w0).^2).^2。本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）33loglog(x,y)附 錄ⅡCAR SEAT OF THE STATUS QUO AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDStudy abroad is acpanied by the seat of the birth of the car and started going through the hundredyear history, the development of a very mature, with the seatrelated safety standards and regulations have been perfect. As early as age 60 in the 20th century, many foreign countries have developed national or industry on car seat safety performance to ensure that the various regulations and standards, such as the United States to enforce laws and regulations of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety (FMVSS) and industrial and mercial equipment manufacturers association (BIFMA) and other nonmandatory laws and regulations, and developed a wide range of special test equipment. China39。s seat of an important factor. At present, many domestic manufacturers of the seats is still the linkage of traditional modes of production, resulting in the design of high cost and long development cycle. Once the quality of products and unqualified, the blind tend to take greater diameter, wall thickness or the thickness of the solution, rather than from the perspective of improving the overall structure to modify the design. Although this approach enables the weak part of the performance of the seat has changed, but the strength and stiffness will seat large margin, resulting in unnecessary waste of materials, potentially increased the cost of the product design meeting also reflected backward chair design means supporting research. There are still a lot of seat design and the manufacturer does not have a high standard of technology supporting the use of puteraided design and analysis, can only follow the traditional design methods and processes, but also for the safety seat is only the awareness of regulatory requirements remain in the country on, hindered the development of seat design. China39。s automobile industry, the design of seat work backward. Strictly speaking, the seat of our study was from the 20th century, the beginning of the eighties. After almost 20 years, currently chairs a number of manufacturers will be able to model a lot of domestic production support. With the advantages of joint ventures, domestic producers have a number of seats in part of the seat design and production technology, but still rely on foreign technology strength, selfdesign is still parked in the left at the starting stage. Caused by the design of China39。s production safety practices. chair electric chair seat is in reality the structure of the various regulation change by the manual manipulation of the manipulation of electric chair. Number of seats in the arrangement of electric motor, motor drive transmission mechanism, so that the corresponding parts of the seat have a displacement, before and after the realization of the location of the seat, up and down, tilt adjustment. Electric seat button instead of using the handle, which greatly improved the portability and convenience, the increasingly widespread application.2. Suspension seat hanging chair is created between the seat and floor of a suspension, seat suspension for vibration mitigation. Suspension by the buffer ponents, damping ponents and positioning ponents. Buffer ponents have leaf springs and coil spring and so on. seats electric chair and puter bination of the memory function of the seat. Achieved by puter feedback control of the seat. When the crew will take a good seat to adjust the location of storage into the puter, when the reuse, it will automatically adjust to the needs of the state w