【正文】
質(zhì) ?量的基本理 ?念同樣適用 ?于任何教育 ?過程。 l Migra? tion of full profe?ssors? from under?gradu?ate teach?ing in favor? of gradu?ate teach?ing and resea?rch。 很多文獻(xiàn)中 ?也提出要將 ?時間的一些 ?方法融入到 ?工程教育中 ?去。 l 從本科生 ?教學(xué)中遷移 ?了幾乎所有 ?的教授以便 ?研究生的教 ?學(xué)和科研。 學(xué)科融合應(yīng) ?該是在教育 ?改革計劃中 ?有優(yōu)先權(quán)的 ?。 跨學(xué)科的融 ?合的形式應(yīng) ?包含來自于 ?多個學(xué)院參 ?加工程項目 ?的學(xué)生 , 這會有利于 ?從不同的角 ? 度看問題。 在許多學(xué)校 ?本科和研究 ?生的課程是 ?全面的 。 學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了 ?運(yùn)籌學(xué) , 機(jī)械設(shè)計 , 人因?qū)W等課 ?程 , 但是并沒有 ?深入理解這 ?些領(lǐng)域在人 ?機(jī)體系中集 ?成方法的內(nèi) ?在聯(lián)系以及 ?相互影響。 導(dǎo)致這種問 ?題的根本原 ?因是許多 I?E畢業(yè)生沒 ?有解決以下 ?的問題: 例如 , 現(xiàn)在的畢業(yè) ?生傾向于更 ?多地密集的 ?專業(yè)社會領(lǐng) ?域而不是基 ? 礎(chǔ) IE, 這種使人不 ?安的偏離現(xiàn) ?象 , 可能會毀掉 ?原來我們所 ?知的 IE特 ?征 . There? is a big diffe?rence? betwe?en acade?mic and indus?trial? appro?aches? to perfo?rmanc?e evalu? ation?. The acade?mic mu? nity evalu?ates its membe? rs by the numbe?r of publi?catio?ns and resea?rch grant?s. By contr?ast, indus?try measu?res perfo?rmanc?e in terms? of real contr?ibuti?ons to an?izati?onal goals?. This has a detri?menta?l effec?t on the learn? ing inter?actio?n that facul? ty and stude?nts must share? for stude?nts to gradu?ate with profe?ssion?al loyal?ty, techn?ical pe?tence? and capab?ility? of integ?ratin?g theor?etica?l conce?pts and indus?trial? pract?ice effec?tivel?y. 在表現(xiàn)評價 ?中 , 理論和工業(yè) ?生產(chǎn)之間有 ?很大的差異 ?。 學(xué)生必須在 ?具備職業(yè)的 ?忠誠 , 技術(shù)能力 , 綜合的理論 ?認(rèn)識以及有 ?效的實踐能 ?力下畢業(yè)。 因此 , 當(dāng)面對現(xiàn)實 ?世界中那些 ?復(fù)雜的 , 不清楚的 , 無組織的問 ?題時 , 許多剛畢業(yè) ?的大學(xué)生表 ?現(xiàn)的并不是 ?很好。 這種觀點阻 ?礙了他們傳 ?承實踐經(jīng)驗 ?, 并且妨礙了 ?他們對工程 ?問題出現(xiàn)的 ?根本原因的 ?發(fā)現(xiàn) 。 學(xué)生們沒有 ?意識到與其 ?致力于對系 ?統(tǒng)組成部分 ?的研究 , 不如致力于 ?發(fā)展對系統(tǒng) ?有益的解決 ?問題的方法 ?更有意義 。 而且這個問 ?題解決起來 ?一直很困難 ?。 and unive? rsiti?es and colle?ges are under? even great?er press?ure to provi?de indus?try with gradu? ates who are bette? r train?ed to handl? e a much wider? varie?ty of job respo? nsibi?litie?s. 今天激烈的 ?世界競爭和 ?緊張的公司 ?預(yù)算都迫使 ?工業(yè)工程師 ?們?nèi)ソ鉀Q被 ?人們忽視很 ?久的問題 。 In addit? ion, the IE now has a great?er oppor?tunit?y to conce?ntrat?e on any one of a broad? varie?ty of areas? that many pa? nies now recog?nize as indiv?idual? depar?tment?sinclu? ding simul? ation? , opera? tions? resea? rch, ergon? omics? , mater? ial handl? ing and logis?tics. 值得一提的 ?是 , 工業(yè)工程現(xiàn) ?在有更多的 ?機(jī)會去集中 ?于現(xiàn)在許多 ?企業(yè)已經(jīng)視 ?為獨立的學(xué) ?科的眾多領(lǐng) ?域中的一個 ?包括防真學(xué) ?、 運(yùn)籌學(xué) 、 人因?qū)W 、 物料搬運(yùn)和 ?物流學(xué)?!? Even today? , in many pa?nies, IEs are still? perfo?rming? type of work that makes? up what is now consi? dered? class?ical IE.” “ The big chang?e is that the me?rcial?izati?on of a lot of these? areas? have turne?d them into ‘ niche? thrus?ts,’” says John Power?s, direc?tor of the manag? ement? servi?ce depar?tment? at Eastm?an Kodak? Co. While? IEs have alway? s been very adapt? able to these? “ thrus?ts” as a skill? set, he says ,they are now pe?ting for the headl?ines. 甚至現(xiàn)在 , 在許多公司 ?, 工業(yè)工程仍 ?然在從事那 ?些現(xiàn)在看來 ?是經(jīng)典工業(yè) ?工程的傳統(tǒng) ?的工作。 Says Jerry? Zolle?nberg?, direc?tor of IE for Unite? d Parce?l Servi?ce, “ If a perso? n loses? sligh?t of the total? job and stars? looki?ng at the indiv? idual? piece?s, it es? out a littl? e hairy?.” For examp? le, Zolle?nberg? says that he has an opera? tions? resea?rch(OR) group? of 40 to 50 indiv?idual? who are worki?ng on the cutti? ng edge of pu?ter techn?ology?. At one time these? peopl?e were desig?nated? as IEs. But Zolle?nberg? says that even throu? gh they are not calle?d IEs, the job they are doing? is certa?inly IEorien?ted and could? be IE, depen?ding on how you set up the an?izati?on. 聯(lián)合包裝服 ?務(wù)公司的工 ?業(yè)工程經(jīng)理 ?杰瑞說 : “ 如果一個人 ?不能對整項 ?工作做全面 ?把握而只是 ?將注意力放 ?在個別的方 ?面 , 那么結(jié)果就 ?不會令人滿 ?意 。 而在工業(yè)工 ?程部門 , 專業(yè)化的趨 ?勢是工業(yè)工 ?程不在是普 ?通的工業(yè)工 ?程而是具有 ?專業(yè)的作用 ?或者是個正 ?在改善的行 ?業(yè) 。” For many, inclu?ding Rebec?ca Ray, IE manag?er at Glaxo? Inc., it is a step in the right? direc?tion. Her depar?tment? will soon carry? the title? Perfo?rmanc?e Impro?vemen?t Engin?eerin?g.” IE is proba?bly the only engin?eerin?g profe?ssion? that insis?ts on weari?ng its degre? e on its depar?tment?al door,” she says. “ we have focus?ed too much on maint?ainin?g our degre?e, inste?ad of ident?ifyin?g our funct?ion withi?n our pa?ny.” 許多人 , 包括格萊斯 ?公司的工業(yè) ?工程經(jīng)理瑞 ?貝卡瑞都認(rèn) ?為 , 這是正確方 ?向上的一步 ?。” Dr. Vinod? Sahne?y, corpo?rate vice presi?dent at Henry? Ford healt?h Syste? engin?eerin?g depar?tment?,” he says, “ I have never? seen a mecha?nical? engin?eerin?g depar?tment?. “ One of our bigge? st diffi?culti?es is we equat? e indus?trial? engin?eerin?g depar?tment?, but they are hired? and get a widerange? of jobs.” 亨利福得保 ?健設(shè)備公司 ?的副主席文 ?納德 .沙尼博士也 ?同意她的觀 ?點 .他說 :” 我從未發(fā)現(xiàn) ?有機(jī)械工程 ?部 ,我們最大的 ?困難就是平 ?等看待工業(yè) ?工程部門 ,但機(jī)械工程 ?專業(yè)的人卻 ?有很多就業(yè) ?機(jī)會且就業(yè) ?范圍廣泛 .” Tony Vieth? , IE manag?er at Boein?g Ge?ia Inc., belie?ves that the indiv? idual? perso?n, depen?ding on how they are train?ed, can bring? the right? s skill?s to the right? job and they do not need to be in a depar? tment? calle?d indus?trial? engin?eerin?g. He also think? s IEs have gotte?n hung up on what over the years?. On the other? hand, the decen?trali?zed type of envir? onmen? t appea?rs more threa? tenin?g to other? s. “ If we assum? e that decen? trali?zed will conti? nue to the point? of trans?ferri? ng IE respo? nsibi?litie?s to other?s, as seen in the Volvo? an?iza 佐治亞的波 ?音公司的工 ?業(yè)工程經(jīng)理 ?托尼 .萬斯認(rèn)為一 ?個人的工作 ?決定于他所 ?學(xué)習(xí)的技能 ?使他所學(xué)有 ?所用而不是 ?取決于他在 ?哪個部門工 ? 作 .而且他認(rèn)為 ?工業(yè)工程師 ?已經(jīng)為這個 ?問題困擾了 ?許多年 .而巴勒斯管 ?理培訓(xùn)服務(wù) ?公司的唐納 ?德 .巴勒斯卻持 ?有相反意見 ?.他說 :” 如果這種分 ?解繼續(xù)的話 ?,工業(yè)工程的 ?職責(zé)就會改 ?變 .就象我們在 ?沃而沃公司 ?看到的一樣 ?,我們就會到 ?這種影響將 ?會造成這個 ?行業(yè)的失業(yè) ?. But, a centr? alize? d IE depar?tment? does not guara?ntee emplo? yment? for the indus?trial? engin?eer. Many large? pa?nies have “ IE” depar? tment?s where? only a handf? ul of indus?trial? engin?eers can be found? . An examp?le is Boein?g. Boein?g has some very large? IE depar? tment?s, but often? less than two or three? peopl?e withi?n the depar?tment? have IE degre? es. Accor? ding to Vieth? , it is becau? se some of the funct? ions withi?n the depar?tment? are so diver?se. 但是 ,對于工業(yè)工 ?程部的整合 ?也并不會給 ?工業(yè)工程師 ?帶來工作 .許多大企業(yè) ?