【正文】 SMS能呈現(xiàn)多樣性的特征，這些特征與執(zhí)行方法、系統(tǒng)特征和執(zhí)行程度相關(guān)。Unit 5 What is an OHSMSOHSMS 職業(yè)健康安全管理體系Legacy 遺產(chǎn)，留給后人的東西In practice 在實踐中Allow for 考慮到Regulatory system 監(jiān)管體系Review phase 審查階段Specific objective 特殊目標(biāo)Corrective action 糾正措施Be central to 極為重要Systematic approach 系統(tǒng)方法Systemic linkage 體系聯(lián)動Interlinked 相互鏈接Feedback loop 反饋環(huán)Specific program element 詳細(xì)計劃Mandatory 強制的Arise from 由。通常經(jīng)過一個簡短的問卷調(diào)查就能完成。Unit 3 The ergonomics Processergonomics process 人機工程過程MSDs （are injuries and illnesses of the safe tissue and nervous system that affect your body’s: Muscles, Nerves, Tendons(經(jīng)脈), Ligaments(韌帶 ), Joints）由肌肉組織或神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)引起的傷害或疾病Upper echelons 上層、高層hourly employee 鐘點工Job sites 工地Ergonomics mittee 人機工程委員會Medical management 醫(yī)療管理Musculoskeletal stressors 肌肉骨骼緊張性刺激Ergonomics input 人機工程投入Management mitment 管理承諾/行為Manufacturing engineers 制造業(yè)工程師Plant manager 工廠經(jīng)理Process engineer 生產(chǎn)工程師Human resource manager 人力資源經(jīng)理Safety manager 安全經(jīng)理Submittee 分委員會Overseeing body 監(jiān)督主體low back disorder 腰部疾病Active and passive surveillance 主動和被動監(jiān)督Job stressors 工作壓力源Followup 后續(xù)工作Ergonomics awareness 人機工程意識Follows through 實現(xiàn)，把…進行到底Chain of mand 指揮鏈Hit list 黑名單You must assess the oute of the hazard identification process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do not view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and explain why. This will insure the continued cooperation of workers in hazard identification.你必須對危險辨識過程中得到的結(jié)果進行評估，并決定在實際危險存在時是否需要立刻采取措施。The efforts necessary to achieve the desired degree of safety are usually organized into formal programs. The objective of such programs is to assure that system hazards are eliminated or otherwise controlled as early in the life cycle as possible. Most of the detail work involved in a system safety program is in the performance of hazard analyses. With the information provided by analysis, responsible officials can determine the safest, most efficient means of controlling the hazards identified.譯文：要想獲得所期望的安全程度，所有必須做的工作都應(yīng)編制成正式的計劃。System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the plex technical systems that are mon in today’s society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.譯文：安全系統(tǒng)工程是一個相對較新的預(yù)防事故的方法。對于一個有意義的分析，必須在有效的假設(shè)基礎(chǔ)上對系統(tǒng)進行合理的、準(zhǔn)確的描述。由于以這種模式工作的有效性得到了認(rèn)可，因此將它作為一種正確的方法傳授給新成員，讓他們以此來認(rèn)識、思考和解決問題[指適應(yīng)外部與整合內(nèi)部的過程中的問題]。The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, petencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the mitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s health and safety management.譯文：組織的安全文化由以下幾項內(nèi)容組成：個人和群體的價值觀、態(tài)度、觀念、能力和行為方式。它的成功主要取決于進行分析的人所具有的技能與知識。它的概念和相關(guān)技術(shù)是在人們提高當(dāng)今普遍存在的復(fù)雜技術(shù)系統(tǒng)安全性的各種努力過程中逐漸發(fā)展而來的。這些計劃的目標(biāo)就是確保系統(tǒng)里的危險被消除，或者使危險在系統(tǒng)生命周期內(nèi)盡早的得到控制。當(dāng)你不把一個已被報告的危險當(dāng)做一個實際存在的危險時，你必須在工作過程中告訴工人你沒把這個被報告的危險當(dāng)做一個真正的危險，并解釋原因。在一些管理比較開放、真心關(guān)心工人安全和健康的地方，這種危險辨識方法能起到很好的作用。引起Strategic objective 戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)Commercial pressure 商業(yè)壓力Principal contractor 總承包商Hybrid method 混合方法Marketbased 基于市場的Formalised prescription 正式的法規(guī)/規(guī)定Mandated principle 明文規(guī)定的原則Stem from 起源于，來自于Regulatory framework 規(guī)章制度European Union Framework Directive 歐盟框架