【正文】
orm(命令形式) Passive form(被動(dòng)形式) be(There be結(jié)構(gòu)) There+(be)+N+Adv There will/modal V 十be/exist(s)/seem(s)to be appear(s)to be十N+Adv There(be)+N+Adj/Ving2/Ved2/to V/relative clause(一致關(guān)系) Between subject and predicate V(主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系) Between pronoun and its antecedent(代詞與其先行詞的一致關(guān)系) clause(名詞從句) that and omission of that(that和that的省略) whether,if which(ever),who(ever),whom,whose when,where,why,how,how much/many/long/often what,whatever clause(定語(yǔ)從句) Restrictive and nonrestrictive(限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) that,which,who,whom,when,where,why Whose Omission of that/which(that/Which的省略)(N + Pron +)Prep十which/whom/whose the same/such…as which/as(with sentential antecedent)(which/as指代句子)(同位關(guān)系) Noun in apposition(名詞作同位語(yǔ)) Appositive clause(同位語(yǔ)從句) Noun phrase as appositive to clause(名詞短語(yǔ)作句子的同位語(yǔ)). that is(to say),for example,etc. of time and space(時(shí)間從句和地點(diǎn)從句) when(ever),while,as,after,before,since where(ever) until,till once, the moment, as soon as,each time,immediately(that),no sooner… than of condition, concession and contrast(條件從句、讓步從句和對(duì)比從句) if, unless provided/providing(that),as/so long as,In case,on condition that,supposing though,although,whether,even though,even If no matter+whwords whwords+ever whereas,while Adj/Adv+as/though of cause,result and purpose(原因從句、結(jié)果從句和目的從句) because,as,for,for,for this reason,etc. hence,therefore,then,as a result of, etc. for, for this purpose, with this in mind, lest, in order than, etc. of manner and parison(方式從句和比較從句) as, as……as, not so(as),more than, less than, no/not more than as, just as as if, as though of proportion and other types(表示比較關(guān)系的從句和其它從句) the…the… as…So… except that (并列) Coordinators:and,both…and,not only…but(also),as well as,either…or,neither…nor,whether…or,not…but,for,etc. with introductory it(用引導(dǎo)詞it的從句) Anticipatory it as subject or object it in emphatic sentence. It is/was…that/who(替代形式) Proforms for noun phrases(名詞短語(yǔ)的替代形式) 3rd person pronouns,and plurals of the 1st and 2nd person Pronouns(第三人稱(chēng)代詞、第一和第二人稱(chēng)代詞的復(fù)數(shù)) indefinite pronouns(不定代詞)(+of+N/Pron) one,ones,that,those The same,the former,the latter Proforms for adverbials(狀語(yǔ)的替代形式)here,then,thus Proforms for Predicate(謂語(yǔ)的替代形式) do,do so so do,so will Sentence/Clause reference(句子或從句的替代形式) this,the following so,not. A:Do you think he will e?B:Yes,I think so.(or)No,I think not. modification(割裂) Separation of relative clause from its antecedent(定語(yǔ)從句與所修飾的名詞割裂) Separation of V-ing2/Ved2/Prepphrase from its head noun(現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/介詞短語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞割裂) Separation of appositive(clause)from its antecedent(同位語(yǔ)[從句]與所同位的詞的割裂) Separation of Prepphrase from adjective(介詞短語(yǔ)與形容詞割裂) . different techniques from neither, nor, so, etc. -verb inversion(主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)倒裝) Sentences beginning with neither,nor,so,etc. Sentences beginning with negative adverb expressions. hardly,never,rarely,etc. Sentences beginning with adverbs of position and direction. here,there,down,away,etc. Sentences beginning with a fronted predicative. More important is the principle of... Sentences beginning with only + Adv,not only…(but)also…(插入語(yǔ)). actually,generally speaking,to be exact,as a result,as you see,etc.(省略) Omission through coordination(并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略). It’s cold in December in England,but(It’s cold)in July in New Zealand. Omission in the following clauses(下列從句中的省略)Whether…or not;whatever;as;than;the… the…(否定) Total negation(全部否定) Partial negation(部份否定) Double negation(雙重否定)(強(qiáng)調(diào)) By single words or Phrases(用單個(gè)詞或詞組). only,even,Just,ever,alone,must,still,too,very,a good (great)deal,(by)far,a lot,etc. By reflexive pronouns,auxiliary verb do or emphatic it(用反身代詞、助動(dòng)詞do或強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中的it) By inversion or repetition(用倒裝或重復(fù)). Hardly did互 think it possible. formation(構(gòu)詞法) Affixation(詞綴法) Conversion(K化法) Compounding(合同法) use of it(it的用法)(縮約法) . TV,ad,smog,etc.(標(biāo)點(diǎn))2009年山東省普通高等教育專(zhuān)升本計(jì)算機(jī)(公共課)考試要求一、指導(dǎo)思想本考試大綱依據(jù)山東省教育廳《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)普通高校計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)教學(xué)的意見(jiàn)》(魯教高字〔1995〕9號(hào))中所要求的計(jì)算機(jī)教學(xué)的基本目標(biāo),根據(jù)當(dāng)前山東省高校計(jì)算機(jī)文化基礎(chǔ)課程教學(xué)的實(shí)際情況而制訂。1)理解所聽(tīng)材料的主旨或要點(diǎn)2)理解具體信息3)理解所聽(tīng)材料的背景、說(shuō)話(huà)人之間的關(guān)系等4)推斷所聽(tīng)材料的含義1)模擬或套用常用口頭交際句型,就日常生活和有關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)提出問(wèn)題和簡(jiǎn)短回答2)交流有困難時(shí)能采取簡(jiǎn)單的應(yīng)變措施1)理解文章的主旨或要點(diǎn)2)理解文章中的具體信息3)根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞意思4)根據(jù)上下文作出簡(jiǎn)單的判斷和推理5)理解文章的寫(xiě)作意圖、作者的見(jiàn)解和態(tài)度等6)就文章內(nèi)容作出結(jié)論7)快速查找有關(guān)信息(英譯漢)技能1)正確翻譯一般語(yǔ)句,基本符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣2)正確掌握被動(dòng)句式的譯法3)正確掌握倍數(shù)的譯法4)正確掌握定語(yǔ)從句的譯法5)正確掌握長(zhǎng)句的譯法1)正確使用所學(xué)的詞、詞組和句型2)語(yǔ)法