【正文】 entations of Chinese English sentences“Chinese is characterized by its emphasis on meaning, while English, on the contrary, pay much more attention to structure and logic of the sentence. A reader, while reading a Chinese sentence or article, must try hard to find out its meaning, but the meaning of English sentences is much clearer because its structure makes the meaning quite clear.”[9]P53/58 (11) He stepped right in after them, like it or not, and he was determined that nothing as pretty as good manners should keep him from a chance of enlightenment. 他不管人家歡迎不歡迎， 緊跟著他們走了進(jìn)去。In the above English sentences, there are two attributive clauses to modify two segments in the sentence, while in the Chinese sentence, all the sentences are equally important and e one after another in time sequence. 3. Steps and methods in long English sentence translationLong sentences make up a large portion in English, and there are several reasons for its frequent appearance. Reasons for frequent appearance of long English sentences Frequent use of modifiersCompared with Chinese, modifiers are much more frequently used in English, such as attributive clauses, adverbial clauses and appositives. But in Chinese, the specific nouns are not modified, but are explained by employing another independent sentence. (13)These students, who rarely do any housework at home, will serve as waiters in the restaurant near the school, which draws a large number of customers everyday.The main structure of this sentence is “the students will be waiters in the restaurant”, but the sentence is made long by the use of two attributive clauses, one of which is to modify the word “students”, and the other of which “the restaurant”. But in Chinese, this sentence will be put as followed. 這些學(xué)生在家?guī)缀醪蛔黾覄?wù)，而他們將要到學(xué)校附近的一家餐館去當(dāng)侍者， 而這家餐館每天食客云集。 (19)He heard a girl crying outside.In this sentence, the word which has two ways of understanding is the word “crying”. As we know, the word “cry” has two meanings: one being the action of shedding tears, and the other being the action of shouting. To find out which is the correct meaning of the word “cry” in this sentence, the reader needs to take the whole context into consideration because the specific meaning of a word depends on the whole context.(iii) Identify subordinate clauseAfter finding out the main structure and meaning of the words in a sentence, subordinate clauses must also be identified to find out the relation between the subordinate clauses and the words and the main clause. As is known, each subordinate clause has its own function, either to modify a specific word, or to indicate its relation with the main clause. Whether a sentence is well and appropriately translated largely depends on whether the subordinate clause is thoroughly studied.(20)He opened the book that his father gave him as a gift at his thirteenth birthday.The main clause of this sentence is “he opened the book”, and that “his father gave him as a gift at his thirteenth birthday” is an attributive clause to modify the book. So the main clause should first be translated, and then the attributive clause should be translated in another clause or sentence to further introduce to the reader the source of the book. Thus, the sentence should be translated as followed. 他打開了那本書，那本書是他爸爸在他13歲生日時(shí)作為禮物送給她的?！?Reverse translationMost of English sentence are, because of the thinking habit of Englishmen, different in word order, phrase order or clause order from Chinese sentences. Some sentences are pletely reversed according to Chinese grammar. Translating these sentences, as a result, requires the translator, first, to put the reversed segments in the normal order based on Chinese grammar. This is called reverse translation. (24)He picked up the book his mother gave him.This sentence contains an attributive clause to modify the noun “the book”, but we know that in Chinese, modifiers are generally put before the noun it modifies. So, in the translated sentence, the attributive clause should be put before the noun. However, there is an exception. If the attributive clause is too long, it is not proper to put the translated clause before the noun. This is because, if thus translated, the translated version would sound too awkward based on Chinese grammar. The details of this kind of translation will be discussed later. So, the translated version of the above example is “他拿起了媽媽給他的那本書。” (28) He left at one o’clock last night, when all the others were sleeping. In this sentence, the attributive clause is used to indicate “the time when he left”, so this clause can be regarded as a time adverbial clause. Besides, in translating this sentence, a transitional word can be used to link the two clauses to make the whole sentence natural. The translated version can be “他是昨天晚上1點(diǎn)走的，那時(shí)候，其他人都在睡覺?！盡ost of the long sentences in English are of this type, that is, requiring both obverse and reverse translation. So, it is required of the translator to first analyze the structure of the sentence and then understand the meaning of the sentence. The nest step is to translate the sentence in the correct order and in the mon way of expression in Chinese. Component translation Component translation is generally used in attributiveclause translation, provided that the attributive clause is relatively too long to be put before the noun in the translated version, and on the condition that the attributive is not so closely related to the main clause in meaning. Generally, the attributive clause can be translated as a separate sentence from the main clause, or it can be translated as an adverbial clause.(26)He decided to go to the market, which was far from his home, so he took a taxi. In this sentence, the clause, “which was far from his home” is used to modify the noun “the market”, but it is not so closely related to the main clause in meaning. Rather, it can be regarded as a turning point in the sentence, so