【正文】 Pragmatism in British History Culture Pragmatism, which is an indispensable part of the English national character, is generally recognized. It is a nation where daydream and empty talks can hardly existed. People there like to try their best to realize what they think about. In the history of the country, English people always emphasize the spirit of pragmatism. Especially in the period of industrial revolution, the quality of pragmatism has been full demonstrated. They did all kinds of creation and invention with the spirit of pragmatism. From the invention of various machines to the progress of politics, science and literature, the quality of pragmatism developed tremendously during that period. The change which took place in every aspect of the country enhances the importance of pragmatism in the mind of English people. 10 In British food culture they consider the cuisine is a sense. They think whether the colors and the taste of the food are delicious, the nutrition is the most important. Though sometimes the taste is not very well, they still eat all the food because these foods have much nutrition. Secondly they think the food is used for eating when hungry. So they usually choose the meat or the beef. Meanwhile the food industry has developed, such as canned, although taste, but saves time machinemade, and nutrition. Consequently, pragmatism bees one of the most valued qualities of English people. Even today, England is still one of the most powerful countries in the world. Its prosperity is indispensable with the quality of pragmatism. The two distinctive aspects in national character show themselves in all aspects of the society. At the same time, nobility and pragmatism reveal themselves on British food and drink. Chapter Two Nobility in British Drink— Afternoon Tea There is a lot of British beverage producing impact on noble manner of aristocracy, especial afternoon. Afternoon tea is the very representative. Nobility in the Origination and Development of Afternoon Tea Afternoon tea began in Victoria Times. A noble woman felt very dull at afternoon. On some day’s afternoon, she got very hungry. So she asked her servant to give her a cup of tea and some sandwiches. Then, she sat on a fortable chair and ate sandwiches slow 11 ly. In the process of eating she found it was really making her pleasant. That time was no longer dull. Thus she decided to drinking tea and eating food in every day’s afternoon. The long afternoon became more interesting because of afternoon tea. Later when her friends went to her house she entertained them tea and cakes in afternoon. All of her guests liked such kind of entertainment. Gradually, drinking afternoon tea became popular in aristocracy. After many years, ordinary people were also drinking afternoon tea too. In the long development, afternoon tea is the proud. Now it bees popular in the world. In fact, the most popular style to drink tea is high tea but high tea is often a misnomer. Most people refer to afternoon tea as high tea because they think it sounds regal and lofty, when in all actuality, high tea, or meat tea is dinner. High tea, in Britain, at any rate, tends to be on the heavier side. After British took afternoon tea to America, American hotels and tea rooms, on the other hand, continue to misunderstand and offer tidbits of fancy pastries and cakes on delicate china when they offer a ― high tea. Afternoon tea (because it was usually taken in the late afternoon) is also called low tea because it was usually taken in a sitting room with drawing room where low tables (like a coffee table) were placed near sofas or chairs generally in a large withdrawing room. Britain is traditionally brewed in a warmed china teapot, adding one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot. Most British like their tea strong and dark and with add a lot of milk. About one hundred years ago, Britain gradually developed into a system of making tea. At that time people thought the mil should poured into the cup first, so as not to crack the porcelain. The traditional way of making tea is: 1. Boil some fresh cold water. 12 2. Put some hot water into the teapot to make it warm. 3. Purl the water away 4. Put one teaspoon of tealeaves per person, and one teaspoon into the pot. 5. Pour boiling water onto the tea. 6. Leave for a few minutes. 7. Service . It is amazing that a plain afternoon tea has such plicated procedure. That plicated procedure has a close relationship with British tradition. Watching carefully the method to making afternoon tea, people will find every step are courteous and not fall into a flutter. It seems that the traditional afternoon tea cares about how to show a series of noble manner but not care how plicated the procedure is. Such custom es from Britain’s tradition of nobility. British are particular about their life and pay attention to education and bearing. They think drinking tea could show their bearing. Britain is a country which attaches importance to tradition of noble. They used to show their noble in the life. So, the afternoon tea can be considered as the time to show their bearing. Those are three different afternoon teas: Cream tea, Light tea, Full tea. Everyone has its different taste. Some have heavy taste and some are light。 高貴 。外國人通過英國的飲食了解到英國人的高貴與務實使他們對英國產生一種好的印象。英國人高貴與務實不僅表現在社會生活的方方面面，其中也包括表現在飲食方面。 National Character。 nobility。 英國有很長的飲食文化歷史， 在漫長的發(fā)展過程中，英國飲食形成了自己的體系，也變成了世界飲食中重要的一部分，英國人民族個性中的高貴和務實在英國的許多食物中都得到了表現，其中高貴品質主要表現在下午茶中，務實品質主要表現在對食物原料營養(yǎng)的追求，對簡單烹飪方法的追求以及在飲食觀上的體現。這種好的印象有助于英國國際地位的提高。 務實 5 Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 3 摘 要 .....................................................