【正文】 not students do the work they are assigned is a good indication of how lazy they are. (C) Engineering students should work harder than students in less demanding fields. (D) Ms. Dennis’ students are doing less work because Ms. Dennis is not as effective a teacher as she once was. (E) Laziness is something most people do not outgrow. 例 5. A test of the National Weather Service’s stormdetecting radar systems found that the 1957 system is ten times more reliable than the new puterized system. Therefore the technology used in the new radar system must be less sophisticated than the radar technology used in the 1957 system. The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following questionable assumptions? (A) The reliability of stormdetecting radar systems is determined by the frequency of breakdowns. (B) The level of sophistication of the technology used in stormdetecting radar system can be determined from the reliability of the system. (C) The reliability of stormdetecting radar systems is determined by their accuracy in predicting weather patterns. (D) Computer hardware is now a key ponent of the new stormdetecting radar systems used by weather forecasting services. (E) Most of the significant advances in stormdetecting technology were made in the 1950s. 2. 加強。 英文標(biāo)志詞： weaken, cast doubt, argue against, damage, counter, challenge, refute, jeopardize, undermine, drawback, flaw, criticism, reasoning error, weakness. （ 1） 斷橋型。 例 . According to a recent survey, marriage is fattening. Cited as evidence is the survey’s finding that the average woman gains 23 pounds and the average man gains 18 pounds during 13 years of marriage. The answer to which of the following questions would be most relevant in evaluating the reasoning presented in the survey? (A) Why was the period of time studied in the survey 13 years, rather than 12 or 14? (B) Did some of the men surveyed gain less than 18 pounds during the time they were married? (C) How much weight is gained or lost in 13 years by single people of parable age to those surveyed? (D) Were the woman surveyed as active as the men surveyed, at the time survey was made? (E) Will the reported gains be maintained over the lifetimes of the persons surveyed? 二 . 第二種文章（因果結(jié)構(gòu)）： 推測原因因果事實 BA ?? ?? 第三種文章（變態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)）： 推測前提結(jié)論事實 BA ??? ?? ?? ??因果 第二種文章的標(biāo)志詞： 文中： A is due to B。 B is responsible for A。 ,AB AB 例 1. Artificial seaweed made of plastic has been placed on a section of coast in order to reverse beach erosion. The inventor of the seaweed has concluded that the recent buildup of sand on that section of coast proves that the artificial seaweed reverses beach erosion. Which of the following, if true, world most seriously weaken the inventor’s conclusion? (A) The amount of recent sand buildup on that section of coast was less than had been predicted on the basis of the results obtained in controlled experiments. (B) Because artificial seaweed would be buried eventually by additional sand deposits on the coast, more artificial seaweed would need to be put in place every four years. (C) Artificial seaweed of another material which had been previously developed by the inventor failed to add sand to coastline in past trials. (D) The amount of recent sand buildup on that section of coast is the same as the amount of recent sand buildup on otherwise very similar sections of coast without artificial seaweed. (E) The amount of recent sand buildup on that section of coast, although considerable, is not yet enough to replace the amount lost during storms on that section of coast in the last twenty years. 例 2. The presence of microanisms that produce a toxin cause sweater to turn brownish red, phenomenon known as a red ride. Sea otters do not feed in areas where clams, their main source of food, have bee contaminated with this toxin. According to a proposed explanation of the otter’s behavior, the otters sample the clams in a potential feeding area and can taste any toxin in them. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly indicate that the hypothesis described in the last sentence of the passage of the passage is not correct? (A) In some of the area where red tides occur, neither clams nor sea otters are indigenous species. (B) The presence of sea otters in a given area has a significant effect on which other marine anisms are to be found in that areas. (C) When seawater in an area unaffected by red tide is artificially dyed brownish red, sea otters do not feed on the clams in that area. (D) If the clams in a given areas are contaminated with toxin, sea otters move to other areas in search of food. (E) Although very small amounts of the toxin produced during a red tide are not harmful, large doses can be fatal to animals the size of sea otters. 例 3. Since 1945 there have been numerous international confrontations as tense as those that precipitated the Second World War, and yet no largescale conflict has resulted. To explain this, some argue that fear of enormous destruction such as the Second War produced has had a dramatic deterrent effect. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the deterrent theory mentioned above? (A) After the First World War, the fear of great future destruction was as intense as it was after the Second World War. (B) Psychologists have determined that the fear of retaliation tends to temper aggressiveness among human beings. (C) The Second World War was far less distractive than most people generally believe. (D) Fear of repeating the levels of destruction that the Second World War produced is as pervasive today as it was forty years ago. (E) Many of the international confrontations that have occurred since 1945 have involved countries that participated in the Second