【正文】 如果題干主體在文中多處出現(xiàn)，先看其首次出現(xiàn)之處　　　2)若題干主體與文章主題有關(guān)，那么定位在主題句?！　　《?、客觀題　1. 事實題　　對文中事實正面提問　　　　?、俣ㄎ?問的是哪一塊東西，建立在讀文章時對每段的基本總結(jié)，如主體詞等，的基礎(chǔ)上)　　　?、谕x變換(換詞、換句式)　　　2. 取非題　1)對比題(由強對比出題)　　2)改善題(虛擬+改善)　 用虛擬語氣問一個事物或理論怎樣會變得更好→回文中找缺點，然后取非（針對不好的才會出改善題）　 better / improve / more illuminating / more enlightening / more convincing　 文：犯罪率是不好研究的，因為總?cè)丝诓淮_定?！　　　　「[門：先看開頭為give an example of / illustrate的選項　　　標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法：　　　 1)找例子的結(jié)論　　　 ☆for example / instance, such as, like (先結(jié)論后舉例)　　　　 ☆因果關(guān)系詞(先舉例后結(jié)論)　　　 ☆無語言現(xiàn)象，先按第一種做　　　 2)同義變換　4. 列舉題　　1)小列舉(文中用逗號隔開的)　 列出四項會出“排除題”EXCEPT…(回文中定位)　　 不是四項的不用看。　　7. 類比題　　　　　問法：which of the following is most similar to the situation in…? (analogous to / parallel / consistent with)　　　　　解法：抓本質(zhì)特征　　　三、主觀題　1. 主題題?。骸ain idea / primary idea / main purpose / thesis, mainly concerned with, organization, best title?。骸　?nèi)容性主題題：關(guān)鍵詞、細(xì)節(jié)　　　寫法性主題題：結(jié)構(gòu)、寫法動詞，describe, explain, summarize, refute　　　　區(qū)分：從選項上　　?。骸　　　?nèi)容性：　　　　 1)如文中有明確主題句，對其進(jìn)行同義變換　　　　 2)無明確主題句，用“三出現(xiàn)原則”：　　重要關(guān)鍵詞(主體詞)必須出現(xiàn)；　　　 細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容不能出現(xiàn)；　　　新內(nèi)容不能出現(xiàn)。　?。骸　　　?)從前不從后：　　　　 “延伸性內(nèi)容”：在文末或某段段末出現(xiàn)的與主體關(guān)系不密切并可能“升華”到更高高度的內(nèi)容(“跑題”的內(nèi)容，與主題無關(guān))?！。骸? 1)順序　 先在文中找到評價，再看選項，不要先看選項　　　　2)混和評價的正確選項的表達(dá)方式：　　　 A.…but / and…　　　　　 如：critical but admiring (大正小負(fù))　　　　　 correct but limited 　　　correct and inplete　　　 ：　　　　 partially (correct)?！coefficiency (measures to minimize environmental impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes) has bee a goal for panies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations. Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard。 as a result, they cannot be found again and bee as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a puter, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the puter. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should bee needed for scientific purposes. 　It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?　　Questions 9–11 refer to the passage above.　9. The primary purpose of the passage is to propose （主旨）　(A) an alternative to museum display of artifacts 　(B) a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession 　　　(C) a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such value 　(D) the governmental regulation of archaeological sites 　　(E) a new system for cataloging duplicate artifacts 　　　　10. The author implies that all of the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true EXCEPT （細(xì)節(jié)）　　(A) a market for such artifacts already exists 　　(B) such artifacts seldom have scientific value 　　(C) there is likely to be a continuing supply of such artifacts 　　　(D) museums are well supplied with examples of such artifacts 　(E) such artifacts frequently exceed in quality those already cataloged in museum collections 　　　　11. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements? （細(xì)節(jié)）　　(A) Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts. 　　　(B) Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage. 　　(C) Artifacts discovered in one excavation often bee separated from each other. 　　　(D) Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity. 　　　(E) Such artifacts often remain uncataloged and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.　　　　　Passage 4　　　題材類型：經(jīng)濟管理　結(jié)構(gòu)類型：新老觀點型　　　組織方式：總分，舊理論=新理論=舉例=分析　　　主要對象：integrated approaches　　　作者態(tài)度：177?！ recent study has provided clues to predatorprey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers pared the number of tooth fractures in presentday carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to 10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the presentday species. 　In considering possible explanations for this finding, the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. They rejected preservational bias because a total absence of breakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures were not the result of abrasion within the pits. They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. The explanation they consider most plausible is behavioral differences between extinct and presentday carnivores—in particular, more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species. Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there was intense petition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities.　Questions 4–8 refer to the passage above.　4. The primary purpose of the passage is to （主旨）　　　(A) present several explanations for a wellknown fact 　　(B) suggest alternative methods for resolving a debate