【正文】 例 1. Because incumbent members of Congress are given a great deal of attention by the news media and because they enjoy such perquisites as free mail privileges and generous travel allowances, incumbents enjoy an overwhelming advantage over their challengers in elections for the United States Congress. Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim above? (A) In the last congressional elections, incumbents met with a larger number of lobbyists than did challengers. (B) In the last congressional elections, 98 percent of the incumbents in the House of Representatives who were seeking reelection won. (C) Incumbent members of Congress are frequently critical of the amount of attention given to them by the news media. (D) The support that political station action mittees provide to challengers for congressional seats often pensates for the perquisites enjoyed by incumbent members of Congress. (E) Of all incumbent senators surveyed before the last congressional elections, 78 percent said that their challengers did not pose a serious threat to their chances for reelection. 例 2. Recent surveys show that many people who seek media help are under a great deal of stress. Medical research also shows that stress can adversely affect an individual’s immune system, which is responsible for bating many infections. Thus when a person is under stress, he or she is more likely to bee ill. Which of the following, if true, would most strength the conclusion above? (A) Many businesses that provide health insurance for their employees also provide seminars on stress management. (B) Many businesses report a significant decrease in absenteeism during periods when employees feel pressured by management. (C) There is a marked decrease in the number of plaints presented at college infirmaries during vacation time. (D) There is a marked increase in the number of illness treated at college infirmaries around the time of examinations. (E) Most people report that being in a hospital or an infirmary is a stressful situation. 3. 削弱。 by A,in order to B。 例 1. 馬克思說：“這本書只從資產(chǎn)階級的角度去考慮問題，是不正確的。 inferred。GMAT 邏輯總綱 費(fèi)允杰 第一部分：邏輯 總綱 第一章：做題步驟 一． 先讀問題（通過英文標(biāo)志詞讀出題型）。 implied?！? 問題：從文中能推出馬克思認(rèn)為這本書應(yīng)從什么角度考慮問題？ (A)奴隸主階級 (B)地主階級 (C)工人階級 (D)無產(chǎn)階級 (E)資產(chǎn)階級以外的階級 例 2. Experienced pilots often have more trouble than novice pilots in learning to fly the newly developed ultralight airplanes. Being accustomed to heavier aircraft, experienced pilots, when flying ultralight craft, seem not to respect the wind as much as they should. The passage implies that the heavier aircraft mentioned above are (A) harder to land than ultralight aircraft (B) not as popular with pilots as ultralight aircraft (C) not as safe as ultralight aircraft (D) more fuelefficient than ultralight aircraft (E) easier to handle in wind than ultralight aircraft 第二節(jié)：演繹 讀文章方式：讀懂文章的推導(dǎo)過程。 plan A,to B. 1. 假設(shè)。 英文標(biāo)志詞： weaken, cast doubt, argue against, damage, counter, challenge, refute, jeopardize, undermine, drawback, flaw, criticism, reasoning error, weakness. （ 1） 斷橋型。 B is responsible for A。 當(dāng)加強(qiáng)來做。 (E) 并未重復(fù)感染上 t。 英文標(biāo)志詞： explain, reason, account for, provide a rationale for, reconcile the discrepancy/paradox. 讀文章方式：不要關(guān)心文章的推導(dǎo)過程，只需從文中拎出所要解釋的對象說它對即可，用常識解題。 not + weaken 例 1. In the 1960’s longterm studies of primate behavior often used as subjects tamaris, small monkeys that were thought ideal because they require only small cages, breed frequently, and grow quickly. Field studies were not used because they were costly and difficult. Tamarinds were kept caged in malefemale pairs, because otherwise, serious fights erupted between unrelated females. On the basis of the fact that breeding occurred, tamarinds were viewed as monogamous. The view taken by the researchers concerning the monogamy of tamarinds deepened on a questionable assumption. Which of the following could have served as that assumption? (A) The suppression of fighting between related females serves to protect their mon geic inheritance. (B) Adult male tamarinds contribute to the care of tamarind infants. (C) The social system of tamarinds requires monogamous pairing. (D) Male tamarind monkeys do not display aggressive behavior in the wild. (E) The way the tamarinds were kept in cages did not affect their mating behavior. 例 2. Twenty percent of all energy consumed in the United States is consumed by home appliances. If appliances that are twice as energyefficient as those currently available are produced, this figure will eventually be reduced to about ten percent. The argument above requires which of the following assumption? (A) Homeappliance usage would not increase along with the energy efficiency of the appliances. (B) It would not be expensive to produce home appliances that are energyefficient. (C) Homeappliance manufacturers now have the technology to produce appliances that are twice as energyefficient as those currently available. (D) The cost of energy to the consumer world rise with increase in the energy efficiency of home appliances. (E) The percentage of energy consumed by home appliances will increase if existing appliances are not replaced by more energyefficient models. 例 3. Inspection system X and inspection system Y, though based on different principles, each detect all product flaws but they each also erroneously reject three percent of flawless products. Since false rejections are very costly, monkey will be saved by installing both systems, instead of either one or the other, and rejecting only products found flawed by both. The argument above requires which of the following assumption? (A) The three percent of flawless products that system X rejects are not all the same products, piece for piece, that system Y erroneously reject