【正文】 he following, if true, most seriously weakens the deterrent theory mentioned above? (A) After the First World War, the fear of great future destruction was as intense as it was after the Second World War. (B) Psychologists have determined that the fear of retaliation tends to temper aggressiveness among human beings. (C) The Second World War was far less distractive than most people generally believe. (D) Fear of repeating the levels of destruction that the Second World War produced is as pervasive today as it was forty years ago. (E) Many of the international confrontations that have occurred since 1945 have involved countries that participated in the Second World War. (2) 他因。 例 . According to a recent survey, marriage is fattening. Cited as evidence is the survey’s finding that the average woman gains 23 pounds and the average man gains 18 pounds during 13 years of marriage. The answer to which of the following questions would be most relevant in evaluating the reasoning presented in the survey? (A) Why was the period of time studied in the survey 13 years, rather than 12 or 14? (B) Did some of the men surveyed gain less than 18 pounds during the time they were married? (C) How much weight is gained or lost in 13 years by single people of parable age to those surveyed? (D) Were the woman surveyed as active as the men surveyed, at the time survey was made? (E) Will the reported gains be maintained over the lifetimes of the persons surveyed? 二 . 第二種文章（因果結構）： 推測原因因果事實 BA ?? ?? 第三種文章（變態(tài)結構）： 推測前提結論事實 BA ??? ?? ?? ??因果 第二種文章的標志詞： 文中： A is due to B。 例 4. “On the whole,” Ms. Dennis remarked, “engineering students are lazier now that they used to be. I know because fewer and fewer of my students regularly do the work they are assigned.” The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following assumptions? (A) Engineering students are working less because, in a booming market they are spending more and more time investigating different job opportunities. (B) Whether or not students do the work they are assigned is a good indication of how lazy they are. (C) Engineering students should work harder than students in less demanding fields. (D) Ms. Dennis’ students are doing less work because Ms. Dennis is not as effective a teacher as she once was. (E) Laziness is something most people do not outgrow. 例 5. A test of the National Weather Service’s stormdetecting radar systems found that the 1957 system is ten times more reliable than the new puterized system. Therefore the technology used in the new radar system must be less sophisticated than the radar technology used in the 1957 system. The conclusion drawn above depends on which of the following questionable assumptions? (A) The reliability of stormdetecting radar systems is determined by the frequency of breakdowns. (B) The level of sophistication of the technology used in stormdetecting radar system can be determined from the reliability of the system. (C) The reliability of stormdetecting radar systems is determined by their accuracy in predicting weather patterns. (D) Computer hardware is now a key ponent of the new stormdetecting radar systems used by weather forecasting services. (E) Most of the significant advances in stormdetecting technology were made in the 1950s. 2. 加強。 A,clear B。我是人。 2． 排除法（通用排除法和無關詞排除法）。 1． 根據題型特點。 If A, then B. A→ B Only if A, then B. B→ A Must by A, in order to B. B→ A If only A, then B. A→ B Not A, unless B. A→ B A, unless B. B → A, A → B A require B. A→ B A is necessary to B. B→ A A depend/draw/base on B. A→ B 例 。 A,conclude B。 假設：我應該是別人的老婆。 英文標志詞： evaluate, appraisal. 當加強來做。 (1) 斷橋型。這就證明了 t 這種病從未被根治過。 1． 解釋結果。 (D) 不采取步驟避免得 t。 AB 例 1. The population of peregrine falcons declined rapidly during the 1950’s and 1960’s and reached an alltime low in the early 1970’s. The decline was attributed by scientists to the widespread use of the pesticide DDT in rural areas. Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the scientists claim? (A) DDT was not generally in use in areas devoted to heavy industry. (B) In the time since the use of DDT was banned in 1972, the population of peregrine falcons has been steadily increasing. (C) Peregrine falcons, like other birds of prey, abandon eggs that fallen out of the nest, even if the eggs remain intact. (D) Starling, house sparrows, and blue jaysbirds the peregrine falcon prey on—were not adversely affected by DDT in their habitats. (E) Other birds of prey, such as the osprey, the bald cage, and the brown pclican, are found in the same area as is the peregrine falcon. 例 2. The town of Stavanger, Norway, was quiet and peaceful until early 1960’s, when Stavanger became Norway’s center for offshore oil exploration. Between then and now, violent crime and vandalism in Stavanger have greatly increased. Clearly, these social problems are among the results of Stavanger’s oil boom. Which of the following, if it occurred between the early 1960’s and now, gives the strongest support to the argument above? (A) The people of Stavanger rarely regret that their town was chosen to be Norway’s center for offshore oil exploration. (B) Norwegian sociologists expressed grave concern about the increase in violent crime and vandalism in Stavanger. (C) Violent crime and vandalism have remained low in Norwegian that had no oil boom. (D) Nonviolent crime, drug addiction, and divorce in Stavanger increased approximately as much as violent crime and vandalism did. (E) The oil boom necessitated the building of wider roads for the increased traffic in Stavanger. 3. 評價。 blame B on/for A。