20xx年醫(yī)學專題—哈醫(yī)大精品課程營養(yǎng)與食品衛(wèi)生學第一章營養(yǎng)學基礎(已修改)
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【正文】 第一章 營養(yǎng)學基礎(jīchǔ),碳水化合物 Carbohydrates,第一頁，共六十二頁。,Main contents,Definition of carbohydrates Classification of carbohydrates Digestion amp。 absorption of CHO Functions of carbohydrates Disorders related to CHO metabolism Dietary reference intakes of CHOs,第二頁，共六十二頁。,Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrient types that provide energy to our bodies. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 碳水化合物：屬三大能量(n233。ngli224。ng)營養(yǎng)素之一，主要由碳、氫、氧構成。,一、碳水化合物的定義(d236。ngy236。) What are carbohydrates?,Carbohydrate can be abbreviated as “CHO”.,第三頁，共六十二頁。,We obtained carbohydrates predominantly from plant foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grain.,Why?,第四頁，共六十二頁。,Plants make carbohydrates through the process of photosynthesis,Energy from sun,Carbon dioxide from air,Glucose stored in plant,Water,Water+ Carbon dioxide,Glucose,光合作用(guāngh233。zu242。y242。ng),第五頁，共六十二頁。,二、碳水化合物的分類(fēn l232。i) Classification of carbohydrates,雙糖(shuānɡ t225。nɡ),多糖(duō t225。nɡ),第六頁，共六十二頁。,The three most common monosaccharides. ALL of them contain identical atoms……,Structure of monosaccharides,第七頁，共六十二頁。,MonosaccharidesGlucose（葡萄糖）,Glucose is the most abundant sugar molecule found in our diets and in our foods.,Glucose does not generally occur by itself in foods but attaches to other sugars to form disaccharides and complex carbohydrates. In our bodies, glucose is the preferred source of energy for the brain.,食物中最多的單糖，但不以單獨形式存在，常與其他糖形成雙糖(shuānɡ t225。nɡ)或多糖的形式存在，葡萄糖優(yōu)先為大腦提供能量。,第八頁，共六十二頁。,MonosaccharidesFructose（果糖(guǒt225。ng)）,Fructose is also called fruit sugar. Fructose is the sweetest natural sugar, occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables.,Prefix,第九頁，共六十二頁。,MonosaccharidesGalactose（半乳糖）,Galactose does not occur alone in foods. It joins with glucose to create lactose, one of the disaccharides.,第十頁，共六十二頁。,Sweetest monosaccharides? The most abundant monosaccharides ?,The sweetest：fructose The most abundant：glucose,第十一頁，共六十二頁。,Disaccharide（雙糖(shuānɡ t225。nɡ)）,Disaccharide: A carbohydrate compound consisting of two sugar molecules joined together.,The three most common disaccharides found in foods are lactose（乳糖(rǔ t225。nɡ)）, maltose （麥芽糖）, and sucrose （蔗糖）.,第十二頁，共六十二頁。,Disaccharides– Lactose（乳糖(rǔ t225。nɡ)）,Lactose: Consist of one glucose molecule and one galactose (半乳糖） molecule.,第十三頁，共六十二頁。,Disaccharides—Maltose （麥芽糖）,Maltose: also called malt sugar, consist of two molecules of glucose. It does not generally occur by itself in foods, but results as a byproduct of digestion.,Glucose,第十四頁，共六十二頁。,Disaccharides—Sucrose（蔗糖(zh232。t225。ng)）,Sucrose is composed of one glu
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