【正文】 第一篇：非謂語動詞之動詞不定式非謂語動詞 之 動詞不定式動詞的非謂語形式有三種：(1)動詞不定式：to study(to + 動詞原形)(2)分詞：studying(現在分詞)、studied(過去分詞)(3)動名詞：studying(形式與現在分詞相同)一、動詞不定式(一)作主語。在不定式短語作主語的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主語，而不把不定式短語放在句子的后面。如：To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like ’ll be a great shame for you to forget ，那可太不應該了。It’s not proper for us not to accept the 但是，下列形容詞做表語時，不定式的邏輯主語由 of 引出：careless粗心的，clever聰明的，cruel殘忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘氣的，nice好的，polite禮貌的，right正確的，rude無禮的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong錯誤的，等等。因為這些形容詞都是描寫人的性格和特點的形容詞。“It is + 形容詞 +of sb + to do sth”這樣的句型更強調某人如何如何。而“for sb to do sth”這一結構更強調做某事如何如何(二)作賓語及賓語補語。有些及物動詞常用動詞不定式作賓語。常見的這類動詞有：afford負擔得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt試圖，beg乞求，begin開始，choose選擇，claim聲稱，consent同意，dare敢，decide決定，decline謝絕，desire欲想，demand要求，determine決心，expect期待，fail失敗，forget忘記，hate討厭，help幫助，hope希望，intend打算，learn學習，like喜歡，long渴望，manage設法，mean打算，need需要，offer主動提出，plan計劃，prefer更喜歡，prepare準備，pretend假裝，promise答應，refuse拒絕，remember記得，seek尋求，seem好像，tend傾向，threaten威脅，undertake承擔，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where還有whether等詞連用作賓語。常跟這種結構作賓語的動詞有：ask詢問，advise建議，consider考慮，decide決定，discover發(fā)現，discuss討論，explain解釋，find out查明，forget忘記，inquire打聽，know知道，learn學會，remember記得，show演示，tell告訴，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to 、有些動詞需要不定式作賓語補足語。這種動詞常見的有：ask請求，advise勸告，allow允許，beg乞求，believe相信，call on號召，cause促使，pel強迫，mand指揮，direct指導，enable使…能夠，encourage鼓勵，expect期望，feel覺得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜歡，have使，hear聽見，help幫助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀請,instruct指示，know知道，lead引導，let讓，like喜歡，listen to 聽，look at看，make 使得, notice注意到, observe觀察，order命令，permit允許，persuade說服，prefer更喜歡，press施加壓力，remind提醒，request請求，teach教，tell告訴，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college 、有些動詞要求省掉to的不定式作賓語補語。這樣的動詞有：feel覺得，have使，hear聽見，help幫助，let讓，listen to 聽，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看見，observe 觀察，watch觀看 等，一類是感官動詞，一類是使役動詞。A policeman saw the accident 。上述help后面的不定式省掉to與保留to都可以。在被動語態(tài)中，上述動詞后面的不定式要把省去的to還原。I heard the dog e 。=The dog was heard to e 。I saw her go out by 。=She was seen to go out by 。在had better(最好)，would rather(寧愿)，would sooner(寧愿)，would(just)as soon(寧愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成語后面也跟不帶to的不定式：He would rather listen to others than talk than和sooner than同義，都是“寧可”，“與其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。當它們放在句首時，其后跟不帶to的不定式。在其它位置時其后的不定式可帶也可不帶to:Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a decided to write rather than ，不打電話。The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase ，而不是增加工資。有些動詞要求省掉to的不定式作賓語補語。在Why 起首的疑問句中跟不帶to的不定式：Why not e with us? 為什么不跟我們一起來呢? =Why don’ t you e with us?不定式作賓語而后面還有賓語補語時，常用it來代替不定式短語，而把真正作賓語的不定式短語放在補足語后面。常見的動詞有：consider認為，feel覺得，find發(fā)現，make使，think認為，等等。例如：I think it best to 。Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建議，這三個詞不能跟不定式作賓補。I hope that you’ll be 。I suggest that you take him 。I advise you not to take him 。We demanded that they give us a definite (三)作定語。不定式短語作定語時，一般放在被修飾的詞之后，有些名詞的后面常用不定式作定語。常見的有：ability能力，agreement一致，協(xié)議，ambition抱負、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt試圖，campaign戰(zhàn)役，chance機會，claim聲稱，courage勇氣，decision決定，determination決心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失敗，hope希望，intention目的意圖，motive force動力，movement運動、協(xié)議，need需要，opportunity機會，plan計劃，promise諾言，readiness樂意，refusal拒絕，reluctance勉強不愿，resolution決心，tendency傾向，right權力，struggle斗爭，threat威脅，time時候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。與這些詞相對應的形容詞或動詞常接動詞不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。作定語時不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。There is not any one to save 。He’s a not a man to tell 。(四)作表語。放在系動詞之后。To gamble is to mit suicide, but not to get ，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make 。To do everything is to do 。(五)不定式短語和疑問詞連用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,還包括whether)(1)做主語。例如：Who to turn to is what she wants to 。It’s problem what to 。How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark.(2)做表語。例如：The question is which to take 。What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to 。The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作賓語，常用這一結構作賓語的動詞有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。I’ve found out where to buy them 。Do you remember when to switch off the machine?有些雙賓語及物動詞，也可用這個結構做直接賓語。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：I showed her how to use the remote 。The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定語。例句:I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with).(六)作狀語。不定式短語作狀語，表示目的、原因、結果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。(1)表示目的。如:We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the ，有時用in order to(為了)或so as to(以便)加動詞原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如。In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every ，作獨立成分。例如：To be frank(with you), this is not (和你)說，這不令人滿意。To be fair, she is an honest ，她是一個誠實的姑娘。To tel