初中動(dòng)詞不定式專題講解及練習(xí)(全面)(已修改)
2025-04-08 01:23 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 小菜學(xué)英語(yǔ) Practice makes perfect!語(yǔ)法：動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定動(dòng)式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)，但可以作除謂語(yǔ)之外的其它任何句子成分（主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)）；動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時(shí)還保持動(dòng)詞的某些特點(diǎn)，既可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式和它的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。一、 構(gòu)成：to do .否定式 not to do二、 常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)：一般時(shí) to do 進(jìn)行時(shí) to be doing 完成式 to have done完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing三、動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中的成分作句子的主語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)實(shí)中常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（或短語(yǔ)）后置。比較下列句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White. To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school.句型總結(jié)l It is + adj. + of sb. to do…= sb. is\are +adj. +to do…在以某些表示人的品質(zhì)、特征等的形容詞（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式之前常加一個(gè)引起的短語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明不定式指的是誰(shuí)的情況（可以理解為某人的好，壞，聰明，愚蠢，對(duì)，錯(cuò)等等）。It is very kind of you to help me. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.l It is + adj. + for sb. to do…≠ sb. is\are +adj. +to do…如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，則在不定式前加一個(gè)for引起的短語(yǔ)，即不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)練習(xí)1. It39。s our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)2. It39。s hard for us _____ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)。 It will ______the workers over a year _____ ____the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4. It39。s very nice _____you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)KEYS: 1. A 3. take, to build 4. B作句子的表語(yǔ)：不定式放在be 動(dòng)詞后面，用作表語(yǔ)如：Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. My dream is to own a robot.The doctor’s suggestion is to take more exercise.The best way is to talk to your parents.His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer.My purpose is to help you solve this problem.作句子的賓語(yǔ)：不定式放在及物動(dòng)詞后，用作賓語(yǔ)。能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（及物）很多，常見(jiàn)的有want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend,I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.They began to read and write.She forgot to close the door.He wanted to borrow my CD player.I hope to speak English well.The workers demanded to get better pay.I hope to hear from you soon.John doesn’t want to be the host of the charity show.They are trying to solve the problem by himself.Millions of people have learned to use puters.有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但含義不同： forget to do forget doing stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事 stop doing go on to do go on doing need to do need doing sth. 需要被做Don’t forge to turn off the lights before leaving.Father must stop smoking.This bike needs repairing/mending.注意1：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)如帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則要把不定式放在后面，用it作形式主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)（形容詞、名詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)I found it necessary to talk to him again.I found it important to learn English.I fond it difficult to learn physics.注意2：常用帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg, 等。構(gòu)成“vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)。The teacher told us to read the text.He asked me not to tell you the news.His parents didn’t allow him to play.I expect you to give me some help. asks ue to hand in our homework on time.The docter advised Mr. Green to drink more water.Mr. Wu tells the students not to shout in class.Mrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well.注意3：不定式作賓補(bǔ)省去 to 的情況(在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉)常用省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear, listen to）、三讓（make, let, have）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）、半幫助help（可帶to，也可不帶to help sb (to) do sth）I made him to do his work. .make sth.Please listen to me to sing this song to sth.I felt someone to open my sth.The boss made the girl to work ten hour a sth.You must watch me to do everythingwatch sth.Internet bars mustn’t let anybody watch bad things, especially sth.He often helps (to) clean the room.Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)to要加上He was made to do his work (by me)They are made to work for 12 hours a day.He was heard to speak in the next room. John was made to wash the car for a week as a punishment. The patie
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