動(dòng)詞不定式用法經(jīng)典例句總結(jié)(已修改)
2025-06-28 03:58 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 定義（語(yǔ)態(tài)）動(dòng)詞和參與此動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)起者（或之一）時(shí)，稱為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：It39。s a great honour to be invited to Mary39。s birthday party.（不定式作主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to be invited是被邀請(qǐng)）It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定語(yǔ)）He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作狀語(yǔ)）My work is to clean the room every day.（不定式作表語(yǔ)）在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)形式1) 現(xiàn)在式：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。一般為：動(dòng)詞+ to do sthHe seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I39。ll see you again. 我希望再見到你。2) 完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。I39。m sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3)進(jìn)行式：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。He seems to be eating something.4)完成進(jìn)行式：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.一般在表示情緒的動(dòng)詞后加to do也表將來(lái)疑問詞疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)等。如：①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主語(yǔ)）②Mr. Smith didn39。t know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做賓語(yǔ)）③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接賓語(yǔ)）④The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表語(yǔ)）以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…h(huán)ow Icould learn……經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an 。To make up for lost time is not 。To lean out of the window is 。To save money now seems 。(2)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：①It+be+名詞+to doIt39。s our duty to take good care of the 。It is an offence to drop litter in the 。②It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多少時(shí)間來(lái)完成這項(xiàng)工作？③It+be+形容詞+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the position in a quarter of an 。It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher 。④It seems(appears)+形容詞+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ，如：It39。s kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.⑤It + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可位于believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think和wonder之后He thought it would be safer to go by 。He will find it is hard to make 。⑥不定式的完成式也可作句子的主語(yǔ)To have made the same mistake twice was 。It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at ，比從未愛過要好。(3)舉例（1） It39。s easy (for me) to do easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, fortable, necessary, better。the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enoughIt39。s so nice to hear your 。It39。s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use ，鎖車是有必要的。（2） It39。s very kind of him to help us. 他幫助我們，他真好。Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)例句:It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。注意：（1） 其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型（2） 不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（3） 當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用It is… to…的句型(對(duì))To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。(錯(cuò))It is to believe to see.作賓語(yǔ)1) 以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)afford（付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到)，appear（顯得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt （試圖），care（想要），choose（決定），claim（聲稱），condescend（屈尊），consent（準(zhǔn)許），decide（決定），demand（要求），determine（決心），endeavor（竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（幫助），hesitate（猶豫），hope（希望），learn（學(xué)會(huì)），manage（設(shè)法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主動(dòng)提出），plan（計(jì)劃），prepare（準(zhǔn)備），pretend（假裝），proceed（接著做），promise（答應(yīng)），prove（
職業(yè)教育相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1