【正文】
n grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬著,而不敢在草叢中再走一步。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this ,接著做其他的練習(xí)be afraid doing/to dobe afraid to do 不敢,膽怯去做某事,是主觀上的原因不去做,意為“怕”;be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。t ,但未成功。You must try to be more 。try doing/to dotry to do 努力,企圖做某事。That department has ceased to exist 。cease doing/to docease to do 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。I don39。 (未做)regret doing 對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔。Don39。t forget to e 。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)He forgot turning the light ?!?未做)forget doing 忘記做過某事。如:Don39。t permit us to swim in the lake.4 部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí),意義差別較大,應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。如:Our teachers don39。如:The enemy solders had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.區(qū)別聯(lián)系1 動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是:狀態(tài),性質(zhì),心境,抽象,經(jīng)常性,已發(fā)生的 不定式表達(dá)的是:目的,結(jié)果,原因,具體,一次性,將發(fā)生的2 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞,意義相同3在下列情況下,一般要用不定式:①hate,like,love前有would(should)時(shí),如:I39。He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。I39。s never too late to mend. (諺語)改過不嫌晚。(2) 如在too前有否定詞,則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定, too 后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義,意 為“不太”。這箱子太重,恐怕你搬不動(dòng)?!狢an I help you 需要我?guī)兔帷猈ell,I39。He is hard. (人是困難的,不通,因此應(yīng)用for。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。s very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。(2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。s of sb.(1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn),表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy,hard,difficult, interesting,impossible等:It39。 Why not +動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)向某人提出建議為什么不……? 干嗎不……?例如:Why not take a holiday?干嗎不去度假?It39。Go in quietly so as not to wake the ,別驚醒了嬰兒。特殊句型so as to(1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。We39。但若表示對(duì)比、對(duì)照關(guān)系時(shí),則不能省略。(10)but作介詞,后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),前面謂語動(dòng)詞部分若含有do的形式時(shí),but后的不定式要省去to,否則要帶to。Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.(5) Why… / why not…:(6) help 可帶to,也可不帶to,help sb (to) do sth:(7) but和except:but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí),后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。注意:在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。ought to沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接動(dòng)詞原形可以表示現(xiàn)在、將來或過去將來,由時(shí)間狀語或上下文決定。(4)不定式作定語時(shí),一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。(2)與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,如是不及物動(dòng)詞,則需加介詞(例④)。作定語⒈不定式作定語不定式在句中作定語,置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。m glad to see you.典型例題The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very fortable to ___.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on答案:B. 如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞,其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。(2)作結(jié)果狀語,表事先沒有預(yù)料到的,要放在句子后面。作狀語(1)目的狀語To… only to (僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。當(dāng)主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組(例②)時(shí),或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句(例③),不定 式說明主語的內(nèi)容。I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.I found that to learn English is important.作表語不定式作表語表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作;動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。例句:I often see him go to school on foot.(禿頭不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語) He is often seen to go to school on foot.(不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語,要帶“to”) Let him try He is let try again.(let的主補(bǔ)與賓補(bǔ)均用禿頭不定式)Find 特殊用法Find動(dòng)詞let屬例外,其賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ)“to”均無。5)禿頭不定式作補(bǔ)語禿頭不定式, 即不帶“to”的不定式,其語法功能一般在句子中作賓語的補(bǔ)語(賓語補(bǔ)足語)。有些動(dòng)詞需用as 短語做補(bǔ)語,如regard,think believe,take,consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。4) there be+不定式常見動(dòng)詞:believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWe didn39。常見動(dòng)詞:Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel, find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。b. We believe him to be guilty.我們相信他是有罪的。3)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時(shí),先用形式賓語it代替不定式,把不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后,即:主語+動(dòng)詞+it+補(bǔ)語+to do句式。注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。There are so many kinds of taperecorders on sale that I can39。2) 動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+(付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到),appear(顯得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (試圖),care(想要),choose(決定),claim(聲稱),condescend(屈尊),consent(準(zhǔn)許),decide(決定),demand(要求),determine(決心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(幫助),hesitate(猶豫),hope(希望),learn(學(xué)會(huì)),manage(設(shè)法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主動(dòng)提出),plan(計(jì)劃),prepare(準(zhǔn)備),pretend(假裝),proceed(接著做),promise(答應(yīng)),prove(證明),refuse(拒絕),resolve(解決),seem(覺得好像),swear(發(fā)誓),tend(往往會(huì)),threaten(預(yù)示),undertake(承諾),volunteer(自愿做),vow(發(fā)誓),want(想要),