【正文】 ”）。to然后不定式. 通常這些動詞包含渴望的意思，不能單單在后面加上賓詞和不定式 (though an infinitive alone may work). 這些動詞包括 apply, arrange, ask, call, clamour, long, opt, plead, press, vote, wait, wish, yearn.例如:I have arranged for the neighbour to water the plants. （“我已安排好鄰居給植物給水。)I swear to honour you. (我發(fā)誓為你增光。To be or not to be ...To sleep, perchance to dream ...經(jīng)常跟在to后形成不定式的動詞包括:例如:I arranged to stay the night. (我已安定好今晚留在這里。句型用法在There be句型中的動詞不定式：For example one,There are too much homework to write.two,There are students writing too much homework.To不定式在英語中不定式最常用于質(zhì)詞to之后， 例如在 to walk, to cry, to eat, to fear.這種用法叫做toinfinitive。用法只要用于助動詞之后和appear，seem之后，但也可以用在happen，pretend以及believe，know，report，say，understand的被動式之后：He appears to have been waiting a long ：It appears that he has been waiting a long time.看來他已經(jīng)等了很久了。We were to have been married last year. 我們本來打算去年結(jié)婚的。表示在某個給定的時間之前已完成的動作I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望現(xiàn)在以前已完成這項工作。I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 對不起給了你這么多麻煩。I believe it to have been a mistake. 我相信這是一個錯誤。完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的動作He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。不定式完成被動式的用法不定式的完成被動式表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的被動動作：I’m pleased to have been given this opportunity. 給了我這次機會我很高興。It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正確，以后見分曉。被動式不定式被動式的用法不定式到底用主動形式還是被動形式，往往取決于句子的意思，即意思上為主動就用主動形式，意思上為被動就用被動形式：Did it need to be done so soon? 這事需要這么快就做嗎?She can’t bear to be laughed at. 她受不了被人嘲笑。③hope 和promise之后，或agree，arrange，decide，determine/be determined，plan，undertake之后，但用于hope和promise后更常見：I hope/hoped to be earning my living in a year39。t be reading a ，你應該看課本。用法①用于助動詞之后He must be ing by 。s quite necessary for us to read more and have more practice.⒎“to”在下列短語中是“介詞”，后接動名詞或名詞形式，如：devote…to,face up to(勇敢地面對),look forward to(盼望),object to(反對),take to(養(yǎng)成習慣，對……感興趣；開始從事某種活動),be used to(習慣于)等。ll try.另外，be going to,ought to,used to等也常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。ll try not to.④Try to be back by 12,won39。d love to.③Don39。s birthday party.(不定式作主語)It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語)I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語)Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired (不定式作定語)He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語)在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動，如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)⒊動名詞的時態(tài)，語態(tài)(1)時態(tài)①一般式：動名詞的一般式所表示的動作可以是泛指，也可與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語動作之前或之后，如：We are interested in collecting stamps.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.We are not afraid of dying.②完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，如：Imagine having travelled on the moon.We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.(2)被動語態(tài)①如果動名詞的邏輯主語為動名詞所表示的動作的承受者，動名詞要用被動語態(tài)，動名詞的被動語態(tài)有一般式與完成式之分，如：The young man came in without being noticed.He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.②有些動詞后的動名詞用主動形式，但表示被動意義，如：The bike needs repairing.If a thing is worth doing,it is worth doing well.⒋在口語中，為避免重復，常用“to”代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，有時甚至可以把to省略，如：①Did you go to visit the Great WallNo,I wanted to,but there wasn39。m sorry to have kept you waiting.We are too young to have seen the old society.③進行式：：The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.They seemed to be discussing something important.(2)語態(tài)如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式，如：It39。我開始明白真相。（3)　在attempt,intend,begin,start 后接know,understand,realize這類動詞時，常用不定式todo。begin(start) doing/to dobegin / start to do sthbegin / start doing sth.（1)　談及一項長期活動或開始一種習慣時，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano你幾歲時開始彈鋼琴？（2)　begin,start用進行時時，后面動詞用不定式to doI was beginning to get angry。你想過這事嗎?　(一種想法)mean doing/to domean to do　打算、想mean doing　意味著I mean to go,but my father would not allow me ，但是我父親不肯讓我去。(想了解)I39。interested in doing　對某種想法感興趣，doing 通常為想法。She was afraid of waking her 。She was afraid to step further i