【正文】 第一篇：冠詞和主謂一致復(fù)習(xí)Grammar : 冠詞冠詞是虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)使用。只能附在一個(gè)名詞上說明這個(gè)名詞。冠詞分為不定冠a(an)詞和定冠詞the。不定冠詞一般表示泛指；定冠詞一般表示特指。二、不定冠詞a(an)的用法(an)用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。a用于輔音字母開始的詞前；an用于元音字母開始的詞前。如：a girl an English book ，指某一類人或某一類事物中的一個(gè)(泛指)。如： His father is a work in a middle school in ，可以表示其全類(泛指)。如： An English teacher teaches the students how to learn 、定冠詞the的用法① 表示上文提到過的人或事物。如：He bought an EnglishChinese dictionary this dictionary is very good.② 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示整體或類別。如：The panda is a rare ：A panda is a rare animal.= Pandas are rare animals.③ 用來表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。如：the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world ④ 用于表示階級(jí)、黨派的名詞前。如：the Chinese Communist Party, the working class the proletariat 無產(chǎn)階級(jí) ⑤ 常用于含有普通名詞或形容詞的專有名詞前。，山脈，群島等名詞前：The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific Ocean：The People’s Republic of China the United States、團(tuán)體、朝代、時(shí)代、報(bào)刊雜志等名詞前：the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the People’s Dailythe Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum ⑥ 用于表示方位的名詞前。如：the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left ⑦ 用于樂器名詞前，但漢語拼音的樂器前不用冠詞。如：play the piano play the violin play erhu⑧ 用于復(fù)數(shù)的姓氏前，表示兩夫婦或全家，在此情況下，這類名詞作復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)待。如：When we got there, the Lius were waiting for Smiths watch TV every day.⑨ 用于某些形容詞或過去分詞前，表示一類人或事物。如：the poor the rich the living the youngthe wounded the oppressed the beautiful ⑩ 用在形容詞的最高級(jí)前或序數(shù)詞前。如：Shanghai is the biggest city in the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot 、零冠詞用法① 表示某一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，不用冠詞。Now people are living a happy are planted everywhere.② 不含普通名詞的專有名詞，表示泛指的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前，不用冠詞。We are studying is leaving for America this is pleasant to walk in soft is always stronger than hatred.③ 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾，不用冠詞。I like this picture that your book?Take their chairs away!I do not have any money on time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.④ 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前，一般不用冠詞。She likes spring while I like have no classes on Long March started in October 1934.⑤ 表示只有一人擔(dān)任的職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞前，不用冠詞。We have elected him our monitor.⑥ 三餐飯的名詞前，一般不用冠詞。When do you have lunch? After supper we usually take a walk.⑦ 節(jié)假日等名詞前，不用冠詞。Children all wear their best clothes on National give gifts to each other on Christmas ：在eve后有of短語則要加定冠詞：on the eve of National Day on the eve of New Year’s Day ⑧ 球類和棋類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前，不用冠詞。play basketball play chess ⑨ 作表語用表示程度的形容詞最高級(jí)前，不用冠詞。Your help was most method is most ：如果有比較范圍，形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞：Of all methods, this is the most effective.⑩ 在某些固定詞組里，名詞前不用冠詞。on footby train/ boat / plane…in factas a matter of fact in classin churchin dangerin hospitalin town in bedat homeat schoolat daybreakat sunriseat duskat sunsetat nightat noongo to school go to classgo to bedfrom morning till nightfrom victory to victoryfrom door to door五、注意事項(xiàng)① 當(dāng)man作人類講時(shí)，用零冠詞。Man will conquer nature.② 某些抽象名詞具體化時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，其前可加a。surprise, fire, joy，He is a success as a Jing is a famous tea in China.③ a用于姓氏前表示某個(gè)只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.④ 在某些句型中可加aIt is a pity that you have missed the is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for do sth.⑤ word 作消息講時(shí)，用零冠詞。Word came that he would go abroadGrammar: 主謂一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(1)主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞有people, police, audience等。(2)主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上卻是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。形復(fù)意單(不可數(shù))的詞有：news, maths, physics等。謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的主語，如there be句型或用連詞either...or...，neither...nor...,not only...but also等。(1)class, family, team, country, school等集合名詞作主語時(shí)，如果指整體，用單數(shù)；如果指每個(gè)成員，用復(fù)數(shù)。如:His family are watching TV in the sitting family is very big.(2)trousers, shoes, glasses, socks, stockings, scissors單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)它們與a pair of或pairs of連用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與pair的數(shù)保持一致。如：The pair of glasses fits you pairs of new shoes have been sent to the old men.(3)名詞性物主代詞后的動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)，取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：ours(=Our Party)is a great shoes are black, mine(=my shoes)are , together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：Mr Green together with his children goes to the park every +adj表示一類人，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The old are going to be looked after 、謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果指同個(gè)人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，這時(shí)and后面的名詞無冠詞。如：A speaker and writer is ing tomorrow.(同一個(gè)人)A speaker and a writer are ing tomorrow.(兩個(gè)人) A and every B/Each A and each B/No A and no B作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)，其中A、B代表單數(shù)名詞。 number of+...，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A number of+...，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，相當(dāng)于a lot of。如：The number of the students in our class is number of students are learning Japanese ，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致 Behind the house are some and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：One and a half bananas is left on the +n/，謂語動(dòng)詞由后面的n/pron決定。而one of+n/pron作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Two thirds of the bread was 、工場、住宅等，作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：The doctor39。s is on the other side of the “一段時(shí)間”“一段距離”“一些錢”的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：Six miles is too far for an old man to , that, which在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與先行詞一致。如：Those who want to go have signed their names , what, which作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)說話人所表達(dá)的意思決定單復(fù)數(shù)。如：Who live next door? It39。s Zhang and Liu./Who lives next door? It39。s Liu.【典型例題解析】例1 The rich ________ not always 解析the + ，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，故選A。例2 The Olympic Games _______ held every______ ，four ，four ，five ，five 解析 每四年一次的奧林匹克往往看作復(fù)數(shù)。故選B。例3 No one but her classmates knowing knowing解析 當(dāng)主語后跟有but引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按but前面部分的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。故選B。例4 解析表示一些錢的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，故選D。例5 No bird and no beast _______ on the lonely seen seen 解析 No...and no...作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故選B?！具x講例題】例6 Look, here e some 解析 some后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只有deer,故選C。例7 The number of students of this school ______ large. not 39。t 39。t 解析 The number of+...，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選C。于指物，其意為“沒有任何東西”：No one [Nobody] wants to go 。She said 。意為“沒有人或物”：英語中常用的否定詞除否定詞not可用于構(gòu)成否定句外，還有其他一些否定詞語可以表示否定：。其意為“沒有”：We have no children of our 。I’ve got no news from ?！咀ⅰ縩o后接名詞時(shí)也可換成not any：I have no [not any] friends 。其意為“從不”：I have never been 。That will never 。, few表示。little用于指不可數(shù)名詞，few用于指可數(shù)名詞，均表示“很少”：There is little time 。Few people like 。【注】若在其前用不定冠詞，則表示肯定意義：There is a little time 。