【正文】 主謂一致的用法及專項練習題一、主謂一致三原則主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。語法一致原則：指主語是單數形式，謂語動詞用單數形式，主語是復數形式，謂語也用復數形式。Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個好學生。They often play football on the playground. 他們經常在操場上踢足球。 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數，但意義為復數，因此謂語動詞用復數形式；或主語形式上為復數,但表示單數意義，這是謂語動詞用單數形式。My family are having lunch 。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the 。就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數形式還是用復數形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the 。二、主謂一致常考題型單數名詞(代詞)/不可數名詞作主語時，謂語用單數形式；復數名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復數形式。The desk is Tom’s. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學生正在操場上踢足球。 “a great/ good many+復數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。但“many a+名詞”作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學生到過上海。A great many students in our school go to college in their teens.more than one+單數名詞作主語，謂語用單數。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個學生曾經去過北京。表示時間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積、價格，數目，長度，數學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday. 兩個月是一個長假。 Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英鎊并不太重。Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。Five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。Five minutes is enough.Four hundred francs is a lot of money.each …and each …，every …and every 。no …and no 。many a …and many a …等結構由于強調個體行為，因此謂語動詞使用單數。但是each放在并列主語之后作同位語時，謂語動詞不受影響。Each boy and each girl has got a new EnglishChinese dictionary.No sound and no voice is heard for a long time .Every man and every woman is at 。We each have our own office. (作We的同位語)我們各有各的辦公室。one and a half+復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式。One and a half hours is enough. 一個半小時足夠了。 從句、不定式、動名詞或短語作主語時謂語動詞使用單數形式。To see is to believe 眼見為實。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。To say something is one thing , to do it is another .（to say something , to do 是不定式）“How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .（How do you do ?是句子，作主語）(注意：what 引導主語從句時應注意其所指的具體內容來確定謂語的單復數。)What we need is more time ,while what they need are more doctors and medicines .what 從句作主語1) 一般來說，按照語法一致的原則，謂語動詞要用單數形式；2) what從句中動詞是并列謂語，表示復數意義，主句中的謂語動詞用復數；What he said and what he did are not same.3) what 從句作主語，有時候主句的謂語動詞與主句的表語一致。如果主句的表語是復數，主句謂語動詞用復數，否則用單數。What we lack today is steel and concrete.What they have done is considered useful to the people.What the man said under the oath was disputed by several other witnesses.What I am in need of is money.What he wants to get are some books.定語從句中的主謂一致1) 一般情況下，關系代詞作從句主語時，從句謂語動詞應和先行詞在數上保持一致；2) 集體名詞作先行詞，被視作一個整體時，關系代詞用which，從句謂語動詞用單數；被視作若干個體的組合時，用who作關系代詞，謂語動詞用復數；常見的集體名詞有：family, audience, class, club, government, union, staff, team, couple, mittee, crow, firm, public, orchestra, pany等。3) 先行詞是“one of +復數名詞”時，從句謂語動詞用復數。如果先行詞是“the right/ just the/ the only/ the very/ exactly the+ one of+復數名詞”時，謂語動詞用單數。4) 強調句型中，形式主語it后總是接單數is/ was；強調主語時，從句謂語動詞與被強調主語部分的數保持一致。She is the only one of the students who was praised.It is not I but Mr. Green who is in charge of this pany.I, who am your sincere friend, have never doubted the reason why you were late for my party.Each one of us who is now living in this city is destined to witness the remarkable Olympic Games.當主語由“all/ some/ any/ enough/ most/ percent/ half+ of+名詞”構成時，謂語動詞的數與名詞的數保持一致。當all/ some/ any/ enough/ most/ percent/ half單獨作為主語時，根據意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的數?！癆ll are present and all is going on well.” our teacher said.One fouth of the books have been sold out.Three fourths of the apple has gone bad.Three foutths of the surface of the earth is covered with the sea.Those are mine, the rest are yours.All but one were here just now. All that I want to say is this.1a/an+單數名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動詞用單數。A student or two has failed the 。 1當主語部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時，謂語動詞一般應與第一個名詞一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.1由and連接的兩個單數名詞作主語時，一般用復數形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數名詞+and+單數名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數名詞+and+a/the+單數名詞，指兩個人或物。The writer and teacher is ing. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人) The writer and the teacher are ing. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人) The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month .Bread and butter is my usual breakfast .1people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數形式，若指一個具體成員時，謂語動詞復數形式。People here are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching T