【正文】
“ 一致 ” 是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在性 、 數(shù)等方面應(yīng)保持一致 。 “ 主謂一致 ” 是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語必須在人稱 、 性 、 數(shù)上保持一致 , 即主語是復(fù)數(shù) , 謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式 , 如 are, were, have等 , 主語是單數(shù) , 謂語要用單數(shù)形式 , 如: is, was, has, works等 。 在具體處理一致關(guān)系時(shí)可遵循以下三原則 : 語法一致 、 意義一致 、 就近一致 。 意義一致的原則 ( 一 ) 謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況 1. 由 and 連接的并列成分指的是同一概念 , 兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn) 。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那個(gè)工人兼作家 … ) (比較: The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家 ) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2. Every … and (every)… , each … and (each… , no … and (no)… , many a … and (many a)… 連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語 。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語 。 Each of the students has a book. 4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等無生命的集合名詞作主語 。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5. 以 s 結(jié)尾的詞 , 但表示學(xué)科 、 國家 、 機(jī)構(gòu) 、 書籍 、 報(bào)刊等名稱作主語 。 Maths is one of my favourite subjects. 6. 表示時(shí)間 、 距離 、 金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語 , 表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí) 。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 7. 由 every,any,some,no和 one,thing,body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語 。 Is everyone here today? 8. 非謂語動(dòng)詞 、 名詞性從句作主語 。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away. 9. 單數(shù)名詞 、 抽象名詞 、 物質(zhì)名詞作主語 。 ( 二 ) 謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況 1. 由 and 連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念 。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集體名詞作主語 。 The police are looking for the missing child. 3. goods, stairs, arms 等名詞作主語 。 The goods were sold out. 4. 由山脈 、 群島 、 瀑布 、 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等 s 結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語 。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名詞作主語 。 A number of students are reading books in the classroom. ( 三 ) 謂語動(dòng)詞單 、 復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定 1. 集體名詞 class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主語 。 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù) , 指個(gè)個(gè)成員用復(fù)數(shù) 。 His family