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Cell differentiation and Cancer cells Cell differentiation Chapter 12 1. About the concept of cell differentiation The process that a cell changes to carry out a specialized function: Marked by: Morphology / Structure / Function ?The different cell types of a multicellular anism contain the same DNA. ?A cell can change the expression of its genes in response to external signals. ?Differences in mRNA expression patterns among different cell types. ?Different cell types synthesize different sets of proteins. ?Gene expression can be regulated at many of the steps in the pathway from DNA to RNA to protein. The four essential processes by which a multicellular anism is made: Cell proliferation, Cell specialization, Cell interaction, and Cell movement. Cell differentiation occurs in multicellular anisms Human: 1014 cells, 200 cell types 2. Why a fertilized egg can develop into different cells: Gene differentiated express 分子雜交技術(shù)檢測基因及其表達 3. Combinational control and Gene differentiated express : 121: 2n (n=3, A,B,C) 4. Housekeeping genes and luxury genes Housekeeping genes: Expressed in all cell types, essential for all cells Luxury genes: Tissuespecific genes, expressed in special