美國文學(xué)簡史復(fù)習(xí)資料(已修改)
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【正文】 美國文學(xué)簡史復(fù)習(xí)資料美國文學(xué)簡史復(fù)習(xí)資料2016年12月23日目錄殖民時(shí)期及十八世紀(jì)美國文學(xué)美國浪漫主義早期新英格蘭超驗(yàn)主義美國浪漫主義后期美國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義文學(xué)美國鄉(xiāng)土文學(xué)美國現(xiàn)代詩歌美國現(xiàn)代小說美國南方文學(xué)美國現(xiàn)代戲劇美國黑人文學(xué)美國華裔文學(xué)殖民時(shí)期及十八世紀(jì)美國文學(xué)New England：Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, named by Captain John Smith216。 PuritanismDoctrines of Puritanism：predestination（命運(yùn)神定), original sin, total depravity (徹底的墮落), and limited atonement (有限的贖罪)from God’s gracePuritans left Europe for America in order to prove that they were God’s chosen people who would enjoy God’s blessings on earth and in Heaven. They felt that they were exiles under the special grace of God to establish a theocracy in the New World. Style of writing：the style is fresh, simple and direct。 the rhetoric is plain and honest；a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the BiblePuritans’ way of Life：hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety.In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter there is a good description of the Puritans’ life. Main writersWilliam BradfordOf Plymouth Plantation普利茅斯墾殖記Thomas Paine Common Sense 常識(shí)；American Crisis美國危機(jī)；The Rights of Man人權(quán)；The Age of Reason理性時(shí)代Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The Wild Honeysuckle野金銀花Benjamin FranklinAutobiography富蘭克林自傳Thomas JeffersonDraft the Declaration of Independence.美國浪漫主義早期RomanticismBackground of Romanticism：Economic boom and national optimism ；Favorable literary milieu: increasing number of magazines ；Foreign influences: the Romantic Movement in Europe. Characteristics of Romanticism：A rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism. Feelings, intuitions and emotions were more important for romantics than reason and mon sense. An emphasis on individualism。 placing the individual against the group, against authority.Stress on the close relationship between man and nature. Fascination with the wild, the irregular, the indefinite, the remote, the mysterious, and the strange Cherishing a strong interest in the past, especially the medieval. Features of American Romanticism：New experience in the American Romanticism. The exotic landscape, the frontier life, the westward expansion, the myth of a New Garden of Eden in America, and the Puritan heritage, etc., these were all materials for an indigenous literature. A deep influence from the American Puritanism. Different from their European counterparts, American romantics tended to moralize, to edify rather than to entertain.The “newness” of the Americans as a nation. The Americans are different from the Europeans. Their ideals of individualism and political equality, and their dream that America was to be a new Garden of eden for man were distinctly American.The New England Poets:Henry W. LongfellowA Psalm of Life 人生禮贊Main writersWashington IrvingThe Sketch Book (18191820)見聞札記。The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的傳說James Fenimore CooperLeatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集。The Pioneers 拓荒者。The Last of the Mohicans 最后一個(gè)莫希干人。The Prairie 大草原。The Pathfinder探路人。The Deerslayer獵鹿人新英格蘭超驗(yàn)主義TranscendentalismTranscendentalismas a way of knowing, believes that individuals can intuitively receive higher truths otherwise unavailable through mon methods of knowing, thus transcending the limits of rationalism. Some of its major concepts are: It placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul（超靈）, as the most important thing in the universe. It emphasize
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