【正文】 1 / 46外交學(xué)院 2022 級(jí)同等學(xué)力人員申請(qǐng)碩士學(xué)位論文論反壟斷法對(duì)阻礙正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為之規(guī)制 ——兼評(píng)我國(guó)反壟斷立法專業(yè)： 國(guó)際法方向： 國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)法導(dǎo)師： X X X 副教授作者： X X X 2022 年 5 月1 / 46摘 要反壟斷法已經(jīng)成為世界各國(guó)法律體系中必不可少的組成部分，為經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的正常運(yùn)行提供了法律保障。因此，隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的日益發(fā)展，制訂反壟斷法勢(shì)在必行。本文首先對(duì)壟斷進(jìn)行界定，進(jìn)而詳盡地分析壟斷行為的實(shí)質(zhì)，綜合比較各國(guó)反壟斷立法對(duì)壟斷行為進(jìn)行約束時(shí)所遵循的原則及適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并結(jié)合我國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況，最終得出：反壟斷法應(yīng)該關(guān)注獲得特定市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)地位的企業(yè)，但其所規(guī)制的對(duì)象不應(yīng)該僅針對(duì)規(guī)模大的企業(yè)本身，而重點(diǎn)是破壞正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的壟斷行為。只要該行為的目的是限制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，無(wú)論行為主體是單個(gè)的還是聯(lián)合的，無(wú)論壟斷危害是否已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，都應(yīng)該在法律規(guī)制的范圍之內(nèi)。同時(shí)還得出：在對(duì)壟斷行為進(jìn)行判斷的過程中，市場(chǎng)支配地位是其核心因素。對(duì)特定主體是否具有市場(chǎng)支配地位準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)定，是反壟斷法判斷一項(xiàng)行為是否屬于其規(guī)制范疇的重要前提。在此前提下，反壟斷立法應(yīng)結(jié)合本身違法規(guī)則和合理性規(guī)則，對(duì)特定行為做出判斷，根據(jù)其對(duì)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的危害，兼顧對(duì)社會(huì)公共利益的影響，最終做出對(duì)一項(xiàng)行為禁止、限制或允許的裁決。關(guān)鍵詞：壟斷 反壟斷 市場(chǎng)支配地位 本身違法規(guī)則 合理性規(guī)則2 / 46AbstractAntimonopoly law has been a fundamental part in the legal system in most countries, which safeguard the due economic activities. Therefore, following China’s economic development, it is imperative to draw our own antimonopoly law. In this article, based on the reality in China, the author defines the rang of monopoly, then analyzes the essence of the monopolistic action, and pares principles and standards which are applied in other countries’ antimonopoly laws, finally draws the conclusion that: Antimonopoly should pay attention to enterprises which possess particular advantages in markets. However, its target is not to restrict the size of an enterprise itself, but an action destroying or to destroy the due petition in markets. As long as the purpose of an action is to hinder petition, it should be restricted by laws, no matter it is made by a single enterprise or united ones, even no matter damages of this monopoly have been made or not.And what’s more, the dominating power should be one of highlights in antimonopoly laws. This is the important premise for the judgment of monopolistic action. According to this, antimonopoly laws should bine the per se rules and the rule of reason, in order to make the correct judgment and proper decision. Otherwise, in this course, laws should also consider other factors, such as the damage of particular actions in markets, the influence to public interests, and so on.Key Words: monopoly, antimonopoly, market dominant position, the per se rules, the rule of reason3 / 46目 錄引 言 ............................................................................................................................1第一章 反壟斷法之規(guī)制對(duì)象 ....................................................................................2第一節(jié) 壟斷之確定 .................................................................................................2一 壟斷狀態(tài) .........................................................................................................2二 壟斷行為 .........................................................................................................4三 壟斷之范圍 .....................................................................................................6四 壟斷之確定 .....................................................................................................7第二節(jié) 反壟斷之確定 .............................................................................................8一 主體之確定 .....................................................................................................8二 行為之確定 ...................................................................................................10三 行為性質(zhì)之確定 ...........................................................................................13四 行為合理性之確定 .......................................................................................14第二章 反壟斷法規(guī)制對(duì)象之實(shí)質(zhì) ..........................................................................16第一節(jié) 相關(guān)市場(chǎng)之確定 .......................................................................................16第二節(jié) 市場(chǎng)支配地位之確定 ...............................................................................18一 市場(chǎng)支配地位之概念 ...................................................................................18二 市場(chǎng)支配地位之判斷 ...................................................................................19三 濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位之判斷 ...........................................................................21第三章 反壟斷法規(guī)制對(duì)象之判斷規(guī)則 ..................................................................23第一節(jié) 本身違法規(guī)則 ...........................................................................................23一 本身違法規(guī)則之含義 ...................................................................................23二 本身違法規(guī)則之法律適用 ...........................................................................24三 我國(guó)反壟斷立法中本身違法規(guī)則之適用 ...................................................25第二節(jié) 合理性規(guī)則 ...............................................................................................29一 合理性規(guī)則之含義 .......................................................................................29二 本身違法規(guī)則與合理性規(guī)則之比較 ...........................................................304 / 46三 合理性規(guī)則之法律適用 ...............................................................................31四 我國(guó)反壟斷立法中合理性規(guī)則之適用 .......................................................32結(jié) 論 ..........................................................................................................................37參 考 文 獻(xiàn) ................................................................................................................381 / 46引 言反壟斷法是一部旨在保護(hù)市場(chǎng)正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，維護(hù)正常經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的法律。反壟斷法通過對(duì)反競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的約束，既可以有效維護(hù)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制，也有利于幫助經(jīng)營(yíng)者明確在經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中可實(shí)施行為的范圍。制定反壟斷法是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的客觀需要。縱觀國(guó)外反壟斷立法，關(guān)注的對(duì)象普遍為具有市場(chǎng)支配地位的企業(yè)，但并非所有這些企業(yè)的行為均被法律所禁止。濫用市場(chǎng)支配地位是其反壟斷法對(duì)一項(xiàng)行為進(jìn)行評(píng)判的實(shí)質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?，F(xiàn)在多數(shù)國(guó)家在對(duì)具體行為進(jìn)行判斷的過程中，逐漸由采用嚴(yán)格的本身違法規(guī)則轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)⒈旧磉`法規(guī)則與合理性規(guī)則結(jié)合適用，加強(qiáng)了對(duì)行為合理性的分析。我國(guó)反壟斷立法仍在進(jìn)行之中，亦應(yīng)充分借鑒國(guó)外關(guān)于反壟斷立法的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。通過查閱反壟斷領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)著作和文章，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)目前國(guó)內(nèi)大部分文章雖然指出了我國(guó)進(jìn)行反壟斷立法的必要性和迫切性，但很多學(xué)者僅對(duì)反壟斷法具體規(guī)制對(duì)象中的一部分進(jìn)行分析，其論著在學(xué)理和法律綜合的分析說(shuō)明方面有所欠缺，關(guān)于各國(guó)反壟斷法理論比較分析也較少。相關(guān)論著對(duì)反壟斷法應(yīng)規(guī)制的對(duì)象范圍，以及針對(duì)某些具體行為應(yīng)適用的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)亦看法不一。鑒于此現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)反壟斷法的規(guī)制對(duì)象進(jìn)行全面詳盡的分析具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文的研究目的在于：通過對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外反壟斷立法例和學(xué)理解釋的比較分析，對(duì)反壟斷法的規(guī)制對(duì)象、被規(guī)制對(duì)象的實(shí)質(zhì)特征，以及判斷具體行為應(yīng)采用的基本規(guī)則做出界定