【正文】 2. FORMAT OF A COCHRANE REVIEW 2． Cochrane 系統(tǒng)評價的格式 The format of a Cochrane Review has several objectives. It helps readers to find the results of research quickly and to assess the validity, applicability and implications of those results. It guides reviewers to report their work explicitly and concisely, and minimises the effort required to do this. The format is also suited to electronic publication and updating, and it generates reports that are informative and readable when viewed on a puter monitor or printed. 制作 Cochrane 評價的格式有幾個目的。首先它能幫助讀者快速的找到研究結果，評價真實性、適用性和那些結果的含義。（制定 COCHRANE 評價的格式有幾（三）個目的，首先可以幫助讀者快速查閱研究結果及評價其真實性、適用性和（臨床）意義；）其次它可以指導評價者簡明清晰的報道他們的工作，同時把誤差降到最?。ㄒ詼p少不必要的勞動）；另外此格式也適于電子出版及更新，它設計的報告通過電腦閱讀時可提供大量的信息，可讀性強。（這種格式的報告通過計算機瀏覽或打印出來，信息豐富，可讀性強。） Mike Clarke, Murray Enkin, Chris Silagy, and Mark Starr developed the original format of a Cochrane Review, with input from many others. The format is flexible enough to fit different types of reviews, including those making a single parison, those making multiple parisons and those prepared using individual patient data. Modifications of the format of Cochrane Reviews may be desired for a variety of reasons. However, because of the huge effort it can take to change the structure of reviews in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), the format must be well defined and fixed. Some minor changes have been made from the format described in the first (1994) edition of the Handbook. These changes have been made based on the experience of Collaborative Review Groups, feedback from users of Cochrane Reviews and suggestions brought forward through the Review Manager (RevMan) Advisory Group, which has developed specifications for the software that is used to prepare Cochrane Reviews. The RevMan software is designed to help reviewers in constructing reviews in the appropriate format and to prepare files required to transfer reviews Clarke, Murray Enkin, Chris Silagy, 和 Mark Starr 提出了 Cochrane 評價的原始格式，期間也得到了外界的很多幫助。此格式適用于不同類型的評價，包括那些單個比較、多重比較，以及那些使用單個病例 的數(shù)據(jù)資料。（ COCHRANE 評價的最初格式是由 Mike Clarke, Murray Enkin, Chris Silagy, Mark Starr 及其同行們共同設計的。此格式較靈活，適用于各種類型的評價，包括單個比較的評價、多種比較的評價，以及使用單個病人資料的評價。）由于各種原因 Cochrane評價的格式需要不斷修改。目前我們付出巨大的努力來改善系統(tǒng)評價數(shù)據(jù)庫（ CDSR），此格式一定可以被很好的定義并固定下來。（雖然很多原因表明現(xiàn)有的 COCHRANE 系統(tǒng)評價格式需要修改，但由于改變 CDSR 中評價文章的 格式工程浩大，因此在改動之前我們希望設計一個相對完善的格式并固定下來。）和 1994 年第一個版本中描述的格式相比，此次我們做了一些小的改動。這些改動基于協(xié)作評價組的經(jīng)驗，系統(tǒng)評價使用者的反饋和由評價管理（ RevMan）顧問組（系統(tǒng)評價管理軟件（ RevMan）顧問組）提出的建議，由此產(chǎn)生了使用軟件進行 Cochrane 評價的規(guī)范。 RevMan 軟件的設計幫助評價者用正確的格式構造評價和需要在評價者間進行電子傳遞的文件。 （根據(jù)于評價協(xié)作組的經(jīng)驗，系統(tǒng)評價用戶的反饋及系統(tǒng)評價管理軟件（ RevMan）顧問組（用于撰寫 系統(tǒng)評價的軟件 Revman 的規(guī)范即是他們制定的）的建議，我們對 94 年第一版格式做了少量修改。 RevMan 軟件用于幫助評價者按適當?shù)母袷阶珜懴到y(tǒng)評價，并制成便于電子傳輸?shù)奈募＃? Each review consists of: ? a cover sheet giving the title, citation details and contact addresses ? a synopsis ? an abstract using a structured format ? the text of the review consisting of an introduction (background and objective), materials (selection criteria and search strategy) and methods, results (description of studies, methodological quality, and results), discussion and reviewers’ conclusions. ? tables and figures showing characteristics of the included studies, specification of the interventions that were pared, the results of the included studies, a log of the studies that were excluded, and additional figures relevant to the review. ? references 每個評價包括： 封面－給出標題，引文內(nèi)容和聯(lián)系地址 概要 摘要－使用結構式格式 評價正文－包括引言（背景和目的），材料（選擇標準和檢索策略）和方法，結果（研究描述，方法學質(zhì)量和結果），討論和評價者的結論。 表格和圖形－顯示納入研究的特征，比較的干預措施的明細，納入研究的結果，排除研究的記錄，有關評價的額外圖表（和評價相關的附加圖形 ） 參考內(nèi)容 Standard headings and tables guide reviewers when preparing their report and make it easier for readers to identify information that is of particular interest to them. The headings are listed below. The content that should follow each heading and the elements that will be published are described in appendix 2a (Guide to the format of a Cochrane Review). 標準化的標題和表格知道評價者在準備他們的報告時使他們的報告更容易讓讀者辨別出他們感興趣的信息。標題列在下面。內(nèi)容應該跟隨標題，要發(fā)表的內(nèi)容在附件 2a 中描述（ Cochrane 評價格式的指導）。 （統(tǒng)一的標題和表格可指導評價者準備報告，同時也方便讀者查詢他們感興趣的信息。下面是標題列表，每個標