【正文】 2. FORMAT OF A COCHRANE REVIEW 2． Cochrane 系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)的格式 The format of a Cochrane Review has several objectives. It helps readers to find the results of research quickly and to assess the validity, applicability and implications of those results. It guides reviewers to report their work explicitly and concisely, and minimises the effort required to do this. The format is also suited to electronic publication and updating, and it generates reports that are informative and readable when viewed on a puter monitor or printed. 制作 Cochrane 評(píng)價(jià)的格式有幾個(gè)目的。首先它能幫助讀者快速的找到研究結(jié)果，評(píng)價(jià)真實(shí)性、適用性和那些結(jié)果的含義。（制定 COCHRANE 評(píng)價(jià)的格式有幾（三）個(gè)目的，首先可以幫助讀者快速查閱研究結(jié)果及評(píng)價(jià)其真實(shí)性、適用性和（臨床）意義；）其次它可以指導(dǎo)評(píng)價(jià)者簡(jiǎn)明清晰的報(bào)道他們的工作，同時(shí)把誤差降到最?。ㄒ詼p少不必要的勞動(dòng)）；另外此格式也適于電子出版及更新，它設(shè)計(jì)的報(bào)告通過(guò)電腦閱讀時(shí)可提供大量的信息，可讀性強(qiáng)。（這種格式的報(bào)告通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)瀏覽或打印出來(lái)，信息豐富，可讀性強(qiáng)。） Mike Clarke, Murray Enkin, Chris Silagy, and Mark Starr developed the original format of a Cochrane Review, with input from many others. The format is flexible enough to fit different types of reviews, including those making a single parison, those making multiple parisons and those prepared using individual patient data. Modifications of the format of Cochrane Reviews may be desired for a variety of reasons. However, because of the huge effort it can take to change the structure of reviews in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), the format must be well defined and fixed. Some minor changes have been made from the format described in the first (1994) edition of the Handbook. These changes have been made based on the experience of Collaborative Review Groups, feedback from users of Cochrane Reviews and suggestions brought forward through the Review Manager (RevMan) Advisory Group, which has developed specifications for the software that is used to prepare Cochrane Reviews. The RevMan software is designed to help reviewers in constructing reviews in the appropriate format and to prepare files required to transfer reviews Clarke, Murray Enkin, Chris Silagy, 和 Mark Starr 提出了 Cochrane 評(píng)價(jià)的原始格式，期間也得到了外界的很多幫助。此格式適用于不同類型的評(píng)價(jià)，包括那些單個(gè)比較、多重比較，以及那些使用單個(gè)病例 的數(shù)據(jù)資料。（ COCHRANE 評(píng)價(jià)的最初格式是由 Mike Clarke, Murray Enkin, Chris Silagy, Mark Starr 及其同行們共同設(shè)計(jì)的。此格式較靈活，適用于各種類型的評(píng)價(jià)，包括單個(gè)比較的評(píng)價(jià)、多種比較的評(píng)價(jià)，以及使用單個(gè)病人資料的評(píng)價(jià)。）由于各種原因 Cochrane評(píng)價(jià)的格式需要不斷修改。目前我們付出巨大的努力來(lái)改善系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（ CDSR），此格式一定可以被很好的定義并固定下來(lái)。（雖然很多原因表明現(xiàn)有的 COCHRANE 系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)格式需要修改，但由于改變 CDSR 中評(píng)價(jià)文章的 格式工程浩大，因此在改動(dòng)之前我們希望設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)相對(duì)完善的格式并固定下來(lái)。）和 1994 年第一個(gè)版本中描述的格式相比，此次我們做了一些小的改動(dòng)。這些改動(dòng)基于協(xié)作評(píng)價(jià)組的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)使用者的反饋和由評(píng)價(jià)管理（ RevMan）顧問(wèn)組（系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)管理軟件（ RevMan）顧問(wèn)組）提出的建議，由此產(chǎn)生了使用軟件進(jìn)行 Cochrane 評(píng)價(jià)的規(guī)范。 RevMan 軟件的設(shè)計(jì)幫助評(píng)價(jià)者用正確的格式構(gòu)造評(píng)價(jià)和需要在評(píng)價(jià)者間進(jìn)行電子傳遞的文件。 （根據(jù)于評(píng)價(jià)協(xié)作組的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)用戶的反饋及系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)管理軟件（ RevMan）顧問(wèn)組（用于撰寫 系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)的軟件 Revman 的規(guī)范即是他們制定的）的建議，我們對(duì) 94 年第一版格式做了少量修改。 RevMan 軟件用于幫助評(píng)價(jià)者按適當(dāng)?shù)母袷阶珜懴到y(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)，并制成便于電子傳輸?shù)奈募＃? Each review consists of: ? a cover sheet giving the title, citation details and contact addresses ? a synopsis ? an abstract using a structured format ? the text of the review consisting of an introduction (background and objective), materials (selection criteria and search strategy) and methods, results (description of studies, methodological quality, and results), discussion and reviewers’ conclusions. ? tables and figures showing characteristics of the included studies, specification of the interventions that were pared, the results of the included studies, a log of the studies that were excluded, and additional figures relevant to the review. ? references 每個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)包括： 封面－給出標(biāo)題，引文內(nèi)容和聯(lián)系地址 概要 摘要－使用結(jié)構(gòu)式格式 評(píng)價(jià)正文－包括引言（背景和目的），材料（選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和檢索策略）和方法，結(jié)果（研究描述，方法學(xué)質(zhì)量和結(jié)果），討論和評(píng)價(jià)者的結(jié)論。 表格和圖形－顯示納入研究的特征，比較的干預(yù)措施的明細(xì)，納入研究的結(jié)果，排除研究的記錄，有關(guān)評(píng)價(jià)的額外圖表（和評(píng)價(jià)相關(guān)的附加圖形 ） 參考內(nèi)容 Standard headings and tables guide reviewers when preparing their report and make it easier for readers to identify information that is of particular interest to them. The headings are listed below. The content that should follow each heading and the elements that will be published are described in appendix 2a (Guide to the format of a Cochrane Review). 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的標(biāo)題和表格知道評(píng)價(jià)者在準(zhǔn)備他們的報(bào)告時(shí)使他們的報(bào)告更容易讓讀者辨別出他們感興趣的信息。標(biāo)題列在下面。內(nèi)容應(yīng)該跟隨標(biāo)題，要發(fā)表的內(nèi)容在附件 2a 中描述（ Cochrane 評(píng)價(jià)格式的指導(dǎo)）。 （統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)題和表格可指導(dǎo)評(píng)價(jià)者準(zhǔn)備報(bào)告，同時(shí)也方便讀者查詢他們感興趣的信息。下面是標(biāo)題列表，每個(gè)標(biāo)