morphology形態(tài)學(2)(已修改)
2025-05-13 18:30 本頁面
【正文】 Chapter Two Phonology 1. The phonic medium of language Speech and writing ? Speech is more basic than writing. ? In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing. ? The writing system is always invented to record speech. ? Speech plays a greater role than writing in everyday munication in terms of the amount information conveyed. ? Speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue. ? Linguists are not interested in all sounds。 they are concerned with only those sounds that are produced by the human speech an in so far as they have a role to play in linguistic munication. ? These sounds are limited in number. ? This limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human munication and are of interest to linguistics studies are the phonic medium of language。 and the individual sounds within this range are the speech sounds. ? As human beings we are capable of making all kinds of sounds, but only some of these sounds have bee units in the language system. ? We can analyze speech sounds from various perspectives and the two major areas of study are phoics and phonology. 2. Phoics What is phoics? ? Phoics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language。 it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world?s languages. ? Phoics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. ? Phoics looks at speech sounds from three distinct but related points of view. ? The three points of view of phoic study: ? The speaker?s point of view ? The hearer?s point of view ? The sound waves ? The three branches of phoics: ? Articulatory phoics (The production of speech sounds) ? Auditory phoics (The perception of speech sounds) ? Acoustic phoics (The physical properties of speech sounds) Speech ans Three important areas: ? The pharyngeal cavity (throat) ? The oral cavity (mouth) ? The nasal cavity (nose) ? Larynx Orthographic representation of speech sounds__ broad and narrow transcriptions ? Towards the end of the nieenth century, by which time articulatory phoics was beginning to make real great progress in the western world, so they feel the need for a standardized and internationally accepted system of phoic transcription. ? In 1886, the Phoic Teachers? Association was inaugurated by a small group of language teachers in France who had found the practice of phoics useful in their teaching and wished to popularize their methods. ? It was changed to its present title of the International Phoic Ass
化學相關推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1