初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)(已修改)
2025-04-15 23:56 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)講解與訓(xùn)練 學(xué)案適用者：宋瀟 (一) 語(yǔ)態(tài)分類：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。 Tom(執(zhí)) cleans(謂動(dòng)) the room(承) every day. (主動(dòng))The room(承) is cleaned(謂動(dòng)) by Tom(執(zhí)) every day. (被動(dòng)) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞done， 即be done ，常譯為“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 (二) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1) 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很明顯。這時(shí)往往不用by 短語(yǔ)。Word processing skills are taught in our puter lessons.(2)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 Some new puters were stolen last night. (3) 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語(yǔ)。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。(三) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化：通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞be的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)，done不變。注意主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。以do為例，掌握下列時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，形式變化如下：1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + done2．一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was / were + done3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done4．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + done5．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： can/may/must/should/have to be done 以下時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作一般了解：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were + being + done過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had + been + done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should / would + be done(四) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 My aunt invited me to her dinner party.執(zhí)行者 動(dòng)詞 承受者→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.承受者 謂語(yǔ) by+執(zhí)行者。 + 過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。 的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語(yǔ)可以省略。練習(xí)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：People grow rice in the south of the country._________ _________ _________ in the south of the country.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：Nancy Jackson designed the CDROM.The CDROM _________ _________ _________ Nancy Jackson.3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：They will hold the charity show in the school hall.The charity show _________ _________ _________ in the school hall.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：He has brought his book here.His book _________ _________ _________ here.5．含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework _________ _________ _________ _________ after class.(五) 語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問(wèn)題1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，先找原主動(dòng)句中的動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。 We have bought a new puter.A new puter has been bought. (正確)A new puter have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤)2. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可說(shuō)： A present was given to me yesterday.注意：1. 下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等。 (1) The book was shown to the class.(2
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