【正文】 初中英語(yǔ) 關(guān)于英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解與精練 專題輔導(dǎo)一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述 英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)many people來(lái)執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many 。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。現(xiàn)以speak為例說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am／is／are＋spoken一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was／were＋spoken一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will／shall be＋spoken現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am／is／are being＋spoken過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：have／has been＋spoken現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have／has been＋spoken過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had been + spoken三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 (1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。例如：Some new puters were stolen last night.　一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的) This bridge was founded in 。 (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：The glass was broken by 。This book was written by ?！our homework must be finished on 。四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 (1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。 (2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過(guò)去分詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式)。 (3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后to仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情況 made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday. never lets me watch TV .I am never let to watch TV by mother. gave Peter a Christmas present just now. (1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. (2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài)一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述 　語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用被、受、給等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義?！∪纾骸e opened the 。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）　The door was 。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也如此。 　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)較常見(jiàn)的八種，現(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞clean為例列表說(shuō)明：　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化：　以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和動(dòng)詞invite為例，列表說(shuō)明被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化：　含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞；其時(shí)態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成，be+過(guò)去分詞部分不變。如： 　Tables can be made of ?！ables could be made of stone at that 。（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）　Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石頭制造嗎？（疑問(wèn)句） 三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法： 　不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)?！he bridge was built last 。　He was elected 。 　 當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，不需要時(shí)可以省略。　The room hasn39。t been cleaned ?！he tiger was killed by 。 　當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：　The window was blown by 。　The whole village has been washed away by the 。 　表示客觀的說(shuō)明常用It is + 過(guò)去分詞.句型?！t is said that Lucy has gone ?！t is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是個(gè)間諜。　其它常見(jiàn)的It is + 過(guò)去分詞+ that句型還有　It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道　It is said that…據(jù)說(shuō)　It is believed that…大家相信　It is suggested that…有人建議四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)　轉(zhuǎn)換圖示：　主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟： ?。?）將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)： 　注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：　Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. ?。?）將動(dòng)詞改為be+過(guò)去分詞?！∽⒁猓?　They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.　他們昨天開(kāi)會(huì)了。 ?。?）將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為be…放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后?！∽⒁猓喝绻髡Z(yǔ)是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。　He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 　 　主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：?。?）主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示人們、大家的單詞，變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句時(shí)，通常刪去by…，但原主語(yǔ)被強(qiáng)調(diào)者除外。如：　They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975.　這所醫(yī)院建于1975年。　Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成這項(xiàng)工作。　The job can be finished only by 。 　（2）含有雙