運(yùn)籌管理operationsmanagementch(1)(已修改)
2025-01-31 07:48 本頁面
【正文】 1 1 2 0 0 2 So u t h W e st e rn / T h o mso n L e a rn i n g TMS l i d e s p r e p a r e db y J o h n L o u c k s2 Chapter 6 Operations Technologies 3 Overview ? Introduction ? Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Automated Production Systems ? Software Systems for Automation ? Automation in Services ? Automation Issues ? Deciding Among Automation Alternatives ? WrapUp: What WorldClass Companies Do 4 Introduction ? In the past, automation meant the replacement of human effort with machine effort, to save labor costs. ? Today, automation means integrating a full range of advanced information and engineering discoveries into operations processes for strategic purposes. ? Today, automation is applied not only for labor cost savings, but also for: ? Improved quality ? Faster production and delivery of products/services ? Increased flexibility 5 Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Machine Attachments ? Inexpensive addons to machines ? Represent oldest technology in automation ? Typically perform one or a few simple operations ? Examples: ? Strip feeders ? Quick centering and grasping devices 6 Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Numerically Controlled (N/C) Machines ? Have a control system that receives/reads instructions and translates them into machine operations ? N/C machines have evolved: ? CN/C – puter numerically controlled ? DN/C – direct numerically controlled (several machines controlled by a single puter) ? Examples: ? Weaving machines ? Lathes 7 Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Robots ? Humanlike machines performing production tasks ? Brain of these machines is a microputer ? Have grippers (vacuum, magized, adhesive) ? Have sensors (tactile, proximity, vision/optical) ? Can operate in environments hostile to humans (heat, noise, dust, darkness, skin irritants, …) ? Perform precisely and repeatedly without fatigue ? Weld, assemble,paint, inspect, transport, ….. 8 Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Automated Quality Control Inspection ? Take physical dimensions of parts ? Compare measurements to standards ? Determine if parts conform to specifications ? Also check performance (ex. electronic circuits) ? Making 100% inspection economically feasible 9 Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) ? Sense and input data into puters ? Use bar codes, radio frequencies, magic stripes, optical character recognition, machine vision ? Data read from products, documents, parts, and containers ? Used in warehouses, factory floors, retailing, wholesaling ? Example – scanner at grocery store checkout 10 Types of Manufacturing Automation ? Automated Process Controls ? Use sensors to obtain measures of performance ? Compare measures to standards ? Might use “expert system” to determine if/what process adjustment is necessary ? If necessary, change settings of process ? Long used in chemical processing, petroleum refining, paper production 11 Automated Production Systems ? Automation technology being more sophisticated ? Focus has shifted away from individual machines ? More mon are whole systems of automated machines linked together for broader purposes 12 Automated Production Systems ? Automated Flow Lines ? Inline, automated processing ma
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