【正文】 摘 要磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Image，MRI）是近40年來(lái)出現(xiàn)的新型醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)診斷技術(shù)，具有無(wú)放射線及強(qiáng)磁性危險(xiǎn)、軟組織對(duì)比度高、可在任意設(shè)定的圖像斷面上獲得圖像等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。被廣泛地用于腦、脊髓、心血管、縱隔、肝、胰、腎、膀胱、軟組織、骨骼和關(guān)節(jié)等組織器官疾病的診斷。能清晰地顯示寵物體內(nèi)細(xì)微的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)，還能提供組織豐富的病理及新陳代謝信息；尤其對(duì)于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的診斷，MRI圖像的空間分辨率和對(duì)比度都超過計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描及其他影像儀器。寵物中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病主要包括腦部疾病與脊髓疾病，在寵物中常見的中樞神經(jīng)疾病主要分為先天性和后天性疾病。先天性腦部疾病包括腦積水和腦部發(fā)育不全，脊髓疾病中包含脊髓發(fā)育不全與脊髓空洞。后天性疾病中腦部疾病包含外傷性腦積水、腦出血、腦部腫瘤等病。脊髓疾病包含椎間盤突出、脊髓腫瘤、椎體脫位及脊髓挫傷等。這些疾病的MRI診斷在國(guó)內(nèi)并未有專門的報(bào)道。本文力求總結(jié)這些疾病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為國(guó)內(nèi)寵物臨床診斷提供更多的依據(jù)。寵物磁影像質(zhì)量的研究主要包括：適合寵物不同系統(tǒng)及疾病診斷的序列，包括重復(fù)時(shí)間（TR）、回波時(shí)間（TE）、層厚、層間距、視野（FOV）、掃描方位等。同時(shí)也研究寵物磁共振檢查的操作流程及避免偽影產(chǎn)生的方法。本研究采用國(guó)產(chǎn)寵物專用磁共振對(duì)華南區(qū)域?qū)櫸镏袠猩窠?jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病進(jìn)行診斷。包括腦積水、腦部腫瘤、寰樞椎脫位，椎間盤突出、脊髓空洞等常見疾病。本研究對(duì)某些常見的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病進(jìn)行了治療，并且總結(jié)治療的效果與預(yù)后情況，結(jié)果顯示部分病例預(yù)后良好。綜上所述，寵物磁共振在寵物中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的診斷具有重大的意義。本文總結(jié)出一套基本符合寵物中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的診斷流程，為中國(guó)寵物臨床診療提供了一種新的檢測(cè)手段。其診斷結(jié)果亦能為治療與預(yù)后做出有意義的參考。關(guān)鍵詞：中樞系統(tǒng)疾??；磁共振；寵物MRI diagnosis and Treatment of the Central nervous system diseases in petsHe Yang（College of Veterinary Medicine，South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642，China）Abstract：MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image, MRI) is a kind of new medical imaging diagnostic technique which appeared in recent 40 years. With the advantages of safety (no risk of radiation and ferromagnetic), high soft tissue contrast, detailed images which can be obtained on arbitrary sections, etc, MRI has been widely used in diagnosis of brain, spinal cord, cardiovascular, mediastinum, liver, pancreas, kidney, bladder, soft tissue, bone and joint diseases. It not only can show pet body anatomy clearly, but also can provide a wealth of pathological and metabolic information of tissues. On the spatial resolution and contrast, MRI is better than CT scan images and other instruments.The central nervous system diseases of pets include brain diseases and spinal cord diseases, and are monly divided into congenital diseases and acquired diseases. Congenital brain diseases include hydrocephalus and brain hypoplasia. Spinal cord diseases include hypoplasia and syringomyelia. Acquired brain diseases include traumatic hydrocephalus, cerebral hemorrhage, brain tumors, etc. Spinal diseases includeprotrusion of intervertebral disc, spinalcordtumor, vertebral dislocation and spinal cord contusion. Although MRI diagnosis of the central nervous system diseases of pets has been reported in foreign countries, there are no special reports in our country. This article seeks to summarize the diagnostic criteria of these disorders，which could provide more information for the clinical diagnosis of domestic pets.The study of MRI quality was mainly on sequences which could be suitable for pet different systems and diseases diagnosis, including repetition time (TR), echo time (TE), thickness, spacing, field of view (FOV), scan direction, etc. MRI operational processes and ways to avoid artifacts produced were also studied..This study were carried out on the patients from the South China region which were diagnosed with the domestic magnetic resonance to diagnose central nervous system disorders。including hydrocephalus, brain tumors, atlantoaxial dislocation, disc herniation, syringomyelia, etc. Some of the diseases were treated successfully.In conclusion, MRI had a great significance in the diagnosis of central nervous system diseases of pets. A set of processes for basic diagnosis of central nervous system diseases of pets was summarized, and provided more detection means for China39。s pet clinical diagnosis. The diagnostic results had a meaningful reference to the treatment and prognosis of diseases.Keywords: central nervous system diseases。 MRI。 pet英文縮略詞表英文縮寫英文全稱中文名稱MRI Magnetic Resonance Image，MRI 磁共振成像MR Magnetic Resonance 磁共振CT Computed Tomography 計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描TRrepetition time 重復(fù)時(shí)間TEecho time 回波時(shí)間FOVfield of view 視野T1longitudinal relaxation time 縱向弛豫時(shí)間T2transversal relaxation time 橫向弛豫時(shí)間T1WIT1 weighted imaging T1加權(quán)成像T2WIT2 weighted imaging T2加權(quán)成像RFradiofrequency pulse 射頻脈沖GdDTPAGdDTPA 二乙三胺五乙酸釓雙葡甲胺TOFTime Of Flight 時(shí)間飛躍MRAmagnetic resonance Arteriography 磁共振血管造影法T Tesla 特斯拉RF Radio frequency 射頻脈沖SE Spin echo 自旋回波序列FSE Fast spin echo快速自旋回波序列GREGradient Recalled Echo梯度回波序列FLAIR Fluid attenuated inversion recovery 衰減流 體轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)原序列STIRShort TI inversion recovery 短時(shí)反轉(zhuǎn)恢復(fù)IRFSEInversion recovery fast spin echo反轉(zhuǎn)恢復(fù)快速自旋回波gGram克mgMilligramme毫克minMinute分鐘mLMilliliter毫升sSecond秒SNRSignal to Noise Ratio信噪比CPVCanine parvovirus犬細(xì)小病毒d day天h Hour小時(shí)目 錄 1 寵物中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病 1 寵物腦部疾病 1 寵物脊髓疾病 2 2 磁共振 3 磁共振應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀 3 磁共振成像原理 4 磁共振硬件設(shè)備 5 磁共振安全性 6 本文研究的目的與意義 62 材料與方法 7 試驗(yàn)材料 7 臨床病例 7 儀器設(shè)備 9 主要試劑及藥物 10 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 10 寵物準(zhǔn)備 10 儀器設(shè)備準(zhǔn)備 11 操作人員準(zhǔn)備 11 磁共振成像方法 11 磁共振掃描體位 11 11 磁共振序列選擇 13 磁共振圖像處理 13 磁共振診斷 133 結(jié)果與分析 13 腦部疾病 13 腦積水 13 先天性腦積水 13 外傷性腦積水 16 內(nèi)耳炎合并腦積水 18 大腦腫瘤 19 小腦腫瘤 20 蛛網(wǎng)膜囊腫 22 其他疾病 22 22 獲得性癲癇 23 脊髓疾病 24 寰樞椎脫位 24 椎間盤突出 25 頸椎椎間盤突出 25 胸椎間盤突出 26 腰椎椎間盤突出 27 29 29 腰椎脫位 29 324 討論 32 影像診斷學(xué)比較 32 MRI與CT比較 32 MRI與B超比較 32 MRI與X線比較 33 磁共振條件優(yōu)化 33 序列優(yōu)化 33 自旋回波序列（Spin echo SE）優(yōu)化 33 快速自旋回波序列（Fast spin echo FSE）優(yōu)化 34 梯度回波序列(Gradient Recalled Echo GRE) 35 其他序列設(shè)計(jì) 35 35 36 磁共振其他成像參數(shù)優(yōu)化 37 掃描方位優(yōu)化 37 FOV 優(yōu)化 38 38 39 偽影 39 寵物中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病 40 大腦疾病 41 腦積水 41 大腦腫瘤 43 小腦疾病 44 44 癲癇 45 脊髓疾病 45 寰樞椎脫位 45 椎間盤突出 46 47 脊椎先天畸形 485總結(jié) 49參 考 文 獻(xiàn) 5054 寵物中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病 寵物腦部疾病腦是神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的高級(jí)中樞，位于顱腔內(nèi)，在枕骨大孔與脊髓相連。腦可分為大腦、小腦、間腦、中腦、腦橋和延髓6個(gè)部分。大腦分為兩個(gè)腦葉，腦葉解剖上又分為四個(gè)區(qū)域：額葉