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導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分2ppt課件(已修改)

2024-11-15 20:18 本頁面
 

【正文】 導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 一、導(dǎo)數(shù)的概念 : : : xxxxxx ?????? 00 ,)()( 00 xfxxfy ?????)()()(lim)()()(limlim)(000000導(dǎo)函數(shù)一般地:??????????????????????xxfxxfxfxxfxxfxyxfxxx導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 即導(dǎo)數(shù)為函數(shù)增量與自變量增量比的極限 ]([)(,|)()( 000 0 ?????? ? xfxfxfxf xx 但注:存在,計(jì)算下列極限:、設(shè)例 )(1 0xf ?? ?)(221)()(lim00,21,2:)()2(lim10000000xfhxfhxfhxhxhxxxfxxfhx??????????????????原式=時(shí)令導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 ? ?)(2)()()()(lim)()(lim)]()([)]()([lim)()()()(lim)()(lim20000000000000000000000xfxfxfhxfhxfhxfhxfhxfhxfxfhxfhhxfxfxfhxfhhxfhxfhhhhh??????????????????????????????????? ?? ? ??導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 二、導(dǎo)數(shù)的物理和幾何意義 : 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)物體瞬時(shí)速度即: : 表示曲線 y= f(x)在 x0處的切線斜率即 若切點(diǎn)為 則曲線在 的 切線方程為: 法線方程為: )(xs?)(tsv ??)(xf 0?)( 0xftgk ??? ?),( 00 yx 0xx?))(( 000 xxxfyy ????)()(1 000 xxxfyy ?????x0導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 1ln)0(ln111xl n ay) 0l n a (1ln|)ln()()0(0,120??????????????????????axyxayxyaaaafkayxxxx法線方程為:=切線方程為:解:程)點(diǎn)處的切線和法線方在(:求曲線例導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 三、基本求導(dǎo)公式: axeeaaanxxxxcxaxxxxnnln1)( l o )(.5ln).(4).(3).(2,0).111?????????????????(導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 22211).( a r c s i n14).(13s e c)( s e c12).(11s e c)(.10s i n)( c c os).( s i n81).( l n7xxc s e x c t gxc s e xx t gxxxc s ec t gxxt gxxxxxxx????????????????????導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 xxxxxar c c t gxxar c t gxxx21)(.191)1.(1811)(.1711).(16.11).( a r c c os152222????????????????導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 ? 四、求導(dǎo)法則 ? 若 u=u(x), v=v(x)在 x處可導(dǎo),則 2)()()()(vvuvuvuuccuvuvuvuvuvu????????????????????導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 ? xxxxxxyxxxxyxc o s12)s i n(s i n1)2122??????????????(xxxxxxxxxyxxyxln1ln)( l nln)()ln(ln)21????????????(導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 222)1(2)1(11)1()1)(1()1()1(11113????????????????????????xxxxxxxxxxxyxxy)()(導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 !)1()()2)(1(0)0()0()()()()()()(y),()2)(1()(,2!)1()()2)(1(0)()2)(1(lim0)0()(lim)0(1)0(),()2)(1()4(00nnfyxfxxfxfxxfxyxxfnxxxxfnnxnxxxxxfxfyynxxxxynnxx??????????????????????????????????????????????????則:令解法:利用導(dǎo)數(shù)的定義計(jì)算解法求導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 。求導(dǎo)自變量對乘中間變量求導(dǎo)對中間變量即函數(shù)點(diǎn)處可導(dǎo),且在則點(diǎn)處可導(dǎo),在相應(yīng)的點(diǎn)處可導(dǎo),在若定理:設(shè)( x )xu( u )uy( x )( u )yx( x ) ]f[yu)(x)(),(),(??????????????ffufxxuufy導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 注:復(fù)合函數(shù)求導(dǎo)法則的關(guān)鍵在于: ( 1) 將復(fù)合函數(shù)分解成若干個(gè)基本初等函數(shù); ( 2) 分別求出這些函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)并相乘; ( 3) 將所設(shè)中間變量還原 導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 ? ?3 2223 2222134)4()(3121)(21,:,21)2(s e cs e c1)()( l n,ln:,ln( 1)4323131xxxuyxuyxuuyxyxc t gxxut gxuyt gxuuyt gxy????????????????????????????????令令求下列函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)例導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 xxxxxxxxxt geeeeeevuevuyevvuuyey??????????????????c oss i n)s i n(1)()( c os)( l n,c os,ln:,c osln)3( 令導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分 ?1)1()1(2121111)()()( l n,ln:)1(,ln)4(2?????????????????????yxar c t
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